唐岩+宋来庆+孙燕霞+赵玲玲+刘美英+宋世志+姜中武

摘要：以18年生海棠砧红将军苹果品种为试材，研究了叶面喷施0.2%、0.4%和0.6%磷酸二氢钾对其叶片性状、果实品质和香气成分的影响。结果表明：随着磷酸二氢钾浓度的增加，红将军苹果叶片的百叶重、光合速率和蒸腾速率均呈增加趋势，但叶片的叶绿素含量无明显变化规律；红将军果实的平均单果重、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖含量呈增加趋势，果实硬度、可滴定酸和VC含量无明显变化规律。叶面喷施一定浓度的磷酸二氢钾可以增加红将军苹果果实香气种类和含量，在本试验的浓度范围内，随叶面喷施磷酸二氢钾浓度的增加，果实挥发性物质含量和种类均呈逐渐增加的趋势。

关键词：磷酸二氢钾；红将军；叶片；果实品质；香气成分；叶面施肥

中图分类号：S661.106+.2文献标识号：A文章编号：1001-4942（2017）05-0082-04

Effects of Foliage Application of Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate on

Blade， Fruit Quality and Aroma Components of Red General Fuji Apple

Tang Yan， Song Laiqing， Sun Yanxia， Zhao Lingling， Liu Meiying，Song Shizhi，Jiang Zhongwu

（Institute of Pomology， Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Yantai 265500， China）

AbstractThe 18-year-old Fuji apple variety Red General was used as the material in this experiment. The effects of foliage spraying 0.2%， 0.4% or 0.6% potassium dihydrogen phosphate on blade， fruit quality and aroma components were studied with no potassium dihydrogen phosphate as contrast. The results showed that with the increase of potassium dihydrogen phosphate concentration， the 100-blade weight， photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate increased， but the chlorophyll content had no obvious change. On the other hand， with the increase of potassium dihydrogen phosphate concentration， the average single fruit weight， soluble solid and soluble sugar showed rising trends， but the fruit firmness， contents of titratable acid and vitamin C showed no obvious change rules. In the range of this study，the kinds and contents of aroma components increased gradually with the increase of potassium dihydrogen phosphate concentration.

KeywordsPotassium dihydrogen phosphate； Red General Fuji apple； Blade； Fruit quality； Aroma components； Foliage application

磷酸二氫钾是一种无氯磷钾复合肥料，养分含量高，具有良好的物理和化学稳定性，是目前盐指数最低的化学肥料，对作物安全，不会灼伤叶片和根，可用于浸种、拌种、沾根、灌根、叶面肥和无土栽培的营养液[1]。磷酸二氢钾用作叶面肥时，在作物生长中后期喷施，喷施浓度为0.1%～0.6%。本试验重点研究了叶面喷施不同浓度的磷酸二氢钾对红将军苹果叶片性状、果实品质和香气成分的影响。

1材料与方法

1.1试验材料

试验在烟台市农业科学研究院试验园进行，供试苹果品种为红将军，砧木为八棱海棠，树龄18年，栽植株行距4 m×6 m，树势中庸。

1.2试验设计