不同施氮量对冬小麦烟农0428产量及氮肥利用效率的影响
2017-06-05矫岩林孙晓辉刘翠玲李林志吴庆兰
矫岩林 孙晓辉 +刘翠玲 李林志 吴庆兰 辛庆国 严美玲+于经川 姜鸿明
摘要:以济麦21为对照品种,在大田条件下设置4个施氮量水平(纯N 0、90、180、240 kg/hm2),研究了不同施氮量对冬小麦烟农0428籽粒产量和氮素利用效率的影响。结果表明:随着氮肥施用量增加,烟农0428籽粒产量增加。同一施氮量条件下,烟农0428籽粒产量明显高于济麦21。随着施氮量的增加,烟农0428氮素养分利用效率、氮肥偏生产力降低。同一施氮量处理相比较,烟农0428氮素养分利用效率、氮肥偏生产力均高于济麦21。本试验条件下,综合考虑施氮量对烟农0428小麦产量、氮肥利用效率的影响,以施氮量為180 kg/hm2处理较为适宜。
关键词:施氮量;冬小麦;烟农0428;产量;氮肥利用效率
中图分类号:S512.1+10.62文献标识号:A文章编号:1001-4942(2017)05-0074-04
Effects of Different Nitrogen Application Amounts on Yield and
Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat Yannong 0428
Jiao Yanlin1, Sun Xiaohui1, Liu Cuiling1, Li Linzhi1, Wu Qinglan2,
Xin Qingguo1, Yan Meiling1, Yu Jingchuan1, Jiang Hongming1
(1.Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai 265500, China;
2.Agro-Technical Extension Station of Zhangxing Town, Zhaoyuan City, Zhaoyuan 265403, China)
AbstractIn this research, four levels of nitrogen (N0, N90, N180 and N240) were designed, and the effects of nitrogen application amount on grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat Yannong 0428 were studied under the field condition with Jimai 21 as control. The results showed that the grain yield of Yannong 0428 increased with the increase of nitrogen application amount. Under the condition of the same nitrogen application amount, the grain yield of Yannong 0428 was obviously higher than that of Jimai 21. With the increase of nitrogen application amount, the nitrogen nutrient use efficiency and nitrogen partial factor productivity of Yannong 0428 decreased. And under the condition of the same nitrogen application amount, the nitrogen nutrient use efficiency and nitrogen partial factor productivity of Yannong 0428 were both higher than those of Jimai 21. Comprehensively considering the effects of nitrogen application amount on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of Yannong 0428, N180 treatment was more appropriate.
KeywordsNitrogen application amount; Winter wheat; Yannong 0428;Yield; Nitrogen use efficiency
山东是我国冬小麦尤其是强筋冬小麦的重要产区,但在高产田普遍存在氮素投入过量的问题,由此造成肥料利用率低,小麦生产成本增加,并对环境造成污染[1,2]。2005 年,山东省单位播种面积施肥量超过400 kg/hm2,化肥在农田养分投入中的比重很大,有机肥施用比重较低。目前我国单位面积施肥量已达到世界平均量的1.6倍,化肥的生产量和施用量居世界首位,化肥报酬迅减,利用效率很低[3],氮肥当季利用率仅为30%~35%,磷肥和钾肥分别为10%~20%和35%~50%,低于发达国家15~20个百分点;1 kg化肥生产谷物仅12.6 kg,而俄罗斯、澳大利亚、美国1 kg 化肥生产谷物分别为55.5、53.4 kg和47.1 kg[4,5]。
衡量氮肥利用效率的常用指标是氮肥偏生产力、氮素养分利用效率、氮肥农学利用率等[6]。前人研究表明,随着施氮量的增加,氮肥偏生产力、氮肥农学利用率和氮肥吸收利用率降低[7-9]。……
