任丽华 高秋美 孟庆峰 韩金龙 王志芬 陈晖

摘要：通过选择3种不同郁闭度的林地，构造3种不同的遮荫处理，研究其对林下半夏生长及光合特性的影响。结果表明：同一生育时期的半夏在林木株行距为1.0 m×1.5 m（郁闭度为57.4%）遮荫处理时植株生长较快，叶片较大，叶片数增加较多；植株光合速率随着遮荫程度的加大而减小，且均低于全光照处理。综合分析认为，适度遮荫可以提高半夏的生长速率，改善倒苗狀况，郁闭度为57.4%的林木遮荫处理可为半夏生长发育提供较适宜的环境条件，对提高其总产量具有重要意义。

关键词：半夏；郁闭度；遮荫；生长；光合特性

中图分类号：S567.23+9文献标识号：A文章编号：1001-4942（2017）05-0060-03

Effects of Different Shading Treatments on Growth and

Photosynthetic Characteristics of Pinellia ternata under Forest

Ren Lihua1，Gao Qiumei1，Meng Qingfeng1，Han Jinlong2，Wang Zhifen2，Chen Hui1

（1.Jining Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Jining 272131， China；

2. Institute of Agricultural Products， Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Jinan 250100，China）

AbstractThe effects of different canopy density on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Pinellia ternata were studied under three shading treatments. The results showed that under the shading treatment of plant row spacing as 1.0 m×1.5 m with the canopy density of 57.4%， the Pinellia ternata plants grew faster， the leaves were larger and the number of leaves increased more. The photosynthetic rate of plants decreased with the increase of shading degree， and they were all lower than that of full light treatment. Comprehensive analysis showed that moderate shading could improve the growth rate of Pinellia ternata and improve the sprout tumble situation. The shading treatment with canopy density of 57.4% could provide suitable environmental conditions for the growth and development of Pinellia ternata， which had important significance to improve Pinellia ternata total output.

KeywordsPinellia ternata； Canopy density； Shading； Growth； Photosynthetic characteristic

半夏[Pinellia temata（Thunb.）Berit]为天南星科半夏属多年生草本植物，是我国常用中药材之一， 以块茎入药，具有燥湿化痰、降逆止呕、清痞散结等功效[1]。半夏不耐干旱及强光照射，在高温和强光照环境下，其呼吸作用过强，物质消耗超过光合积累，导致细胞原生质结构破坏，地上部分随即枯萎，俗称倒苗[2]。倒苗缩短了半夏的生长期，严重影响其产量。因而在半夏生产中，防倒苗是一项非常重要的增产技术[3，4]。

在影响叶片结构的因素（光、温度、水分及营养等）中，光照强度对植物的光合特性有显著影响[5]。本试验结合济宁市实际情况，根据低龄苗木遮荫不明显、竞争能力较弱的特点，在不同郁闭度林下种植半夏，研究不同遮荫处理对半夏生长和光合特性的影响，探索半夏林下种植的适应能力，以期在不与粮食作物争地、不影响苗木生长的前提下，增加半夏产量，提高经济效益。……