季璇 郭绍霞+孙欣 赵瑞雪+刘源霞 戴洪义+张玉刚

摘要：花量大、親和性好的授粉品种对于苹果的连年丰产和果实品质有重要意义。本试验以4个观赏性好的杂交后代品系为试材，观察其开花、授粉习性，并通过花粉管原位萌发及坐果率调查，评价其与‘嘎啦、‘富士苹果的亲和性，以期筛选高效的授粉品种。结果如下：4个品系花量大、颜色鲜艳，始花期均比‘富士、‘嘎啦等栽培品种早4～6 d，开花持续时间15～20 d。4种花粉给‘嘎啦和‘富士授粉后，花粉在富士苹果柱头上的萌发率及在花柱中的生长速度优于‘嘎啦苹果，表现出更好的亲和性。授粉24 h后，4种花粉在柱头上均有大量花粉萌发，萌发率均在72%以上，萌发量由大到小为S14>S69>R15>S44。授粉72 h后花粉的萌发率均达到最大值，S44和R15花粉管生长到花柱长度的1/2处，S14和S69花粉管生长至花柱3/4处。授粉120 h后，S44和R15花粉的花粉管长至花柱3/4处，而S14和S69花粉几乎到达了花柱的基部。168 h后，4种花粉均生长至柱头最基部胚囊内。4个品系与‘嘎啦、‘富士授粉的坐果率均在62.4%以上，S14和S69花粉授粉后坐果率较高，其次为S44，R15坐果率最低。‘富士苹果坐果率优于对应的‘嘎啦苹果。以上结果初步表明4个品系可以作为观赏苹果以及授粉品种，有较好的推广应用前景。

关键词：观赏苹果；红肉苹果；授粉树；花粉萌发；亲和性

中图分类号：S661.101文献标识号：A文章编号：1001-4942（2017）05-0034-06

Flowering and Pollination Habit and Fluorescence Microexamination of

Pollen Tube Germination of Four Ornamental Apple Strains

Ji Xuan1， Guo Shaoxia2， Sun Xin1， Zhao Ruixue3， Liu Yuanxia1， Dai Hongyi1， Zhang Yugang1，4

（1.College of Horticulture Science， Qingdao Agricultural University， Qingdao 266109， China；

2.College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry， Qingdao Agricultural University， Qingdao 266109， China；

3.Shandong Technique Popularization Station of Fruits and Tea， Jinan 250013， China；

4.Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Development and Breeding for Horticultural Plants， Qingdao 266109， China）

AbstractThe pollination varieties with large amount of flowers and good compatibility have important significance to the high yield and fruit quality of apple. Four apple hybrid offsprings with good ornamental characteristics were used as materials to observe the habit of flowering and pollination. The situ pollen tube germination and fruit setting rate were also investigated to evaluate the sexual compatibility with ‘Gala and ‘Fuji apple. The results showed that the flowers of the four strains had large numbers and bright color. The early flowering season of the four strains were 4～6 days earlier than that of ‘Gala and ‘Fuji apple， and the flower season lasted normally for 15～20 days. The pollen germination rate in ‘Fuji stigma and growth rate in style were superior to ‘Gala，which showed better compatibility in ‘Fuji. A large amount of pollen germinated after pollination for 24 hours， and the germination rates were more than 72%. The order of pollen germination number was S14>S69>R15>S44. The pollen germination reached the maximum after pollination for 72 hours； at this time， the pollen tube of S44 and R15 extended into 1/2 of style， while that of S14 and S69 extended into 3/4. The pollen tube of S44 and R15 reached the 3/4 of style after 120 hours， while that of S14 and S69 passed through to the bottom of style. All the four kinds of pollen entered the ovary after 168 hours. The fruit setting rate of ‘Gala and ‘Fuji pollinated with the four hybrid offspring strains were more than 62.4%. The fruit setting rate of S14 and S69 were higher followed by S44， and that of R15 was the lowest. The fruit setting rate of ‘Fuji apple was better than that of corresponding ‘Gala. This study proved that the four hybrid offspring strains could be used as ornamental apple as well as pollination varieties with better prospect of popularization and application.

KeywordsOrnamental apple； Red flesh apple； Pollination tree； Pollen germination； Compatibility

苹果是异花授粉果树，绝大多数品种自花不实[1-3]，即使有自花结实的品种，坐果率也不能满足生产需要，生产中必须配置适宜的授粉品种或通过壁蜂、蜜蜂授粉或人工授粉等措施来保证高产稳产[4-6]。苹果的……