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重症开颅术后患者的体位护理对颅内压、平均动脉压及脑灌注压的影响

2017-06-05孙杰刘炳兰雷员华

中国当代医药 2017年10期

孙杰+刘炳兰+雷员华

[摘要]目的 探討重症开颅术后患者的体位护理对颅内压(ICP)、平均动脉压(MAP)及脑灌注压(CPP)的影响。方法 选取2015年3月~2016年2月于我院接受开颅术治疗的重症颅脑损伤患者40例。所有患者均进行0°、10°、20°、30°以及40°体位的改变,分别比较不同体位时患者的ICP、MAP及CPP,并作相关性分析。结果 患者体位在0~40°时ICP水平呈逐渐下降趋势,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。患者体位在0~40°时MAP水平呈逐渐下降趋势,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。患者体位在0~30°时CPP水平分别为(69.7±5.5)、(70.2±4.4)、(71.1±3.9)和(74.5±3.6)mmHg,呈逐渐上升趋势,而体位在40°时患者CPP为(63.5±3.5)mmHg,显著低于0~30°时的CPP,差异均有统计学意义(t=6.015,P=0.000;t=7.537,P=0.000;t=9.173,P=0.000;t=13.856,P=0.000)。经相关性分析,体位与重症开颅术后患者ICP、MAP均呈显著负相关关系(r=0.732,P=0.000;r=0.757,P=0.000)。结论 体位护理对重症开颅术后患者的ICP、MAP以及CPP均有一定影响,其中体位为30°~40°时患者ICP与MAP水平可能存在明显下降,同时CPP水平上升,有利于患者预后。

[关键词]重症;体位;颅内压;平均动脉压;脑灌注压

[中图分类号] R651.1 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721(2017)04(a)-0172-03

Influence of posture nursing on intracranial pressure,mean arterial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure in patients with critical conditions undergone craniotomy

SUN Jie LIU Bing-lan LEI Yuan-hua

Department of Surgery Ward Two,the Second People′s Hospital,Shenzhen Baoan People′s Hospital (Group) in Guangdong Province,Shenzhen 518108,China

[Abstract]Objective To explore the influence of posture nursing on intracranial pressure (ICP),mean arterial pressure (MAP) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) in patients with severe conditions undergone craniotomy.Methods A total of 40 patients with severe craniocerebral injury who were provided with craniotomy from March 2015 to February 2016 were selected.All patients were nursed in 0°,10°,20°,30° and 40° postures.The ICP, MAP and CPP were compared in different positions,and the correlation analysis was performed.Results The level of ICP was gradually decreased ranging from 0° to 40°with statistical differences (P<0.05).The MAP level was also decreased gradually at 0° to 40°,which was displayed statistical differences (P<0.05).The levels of CPP was (69.7±5.5),(70.2±4.4),(71.1±3.9),(74.5±3.6) mmHg were gradually increased at 0° to 30°.At 40°,the level of CPP was(63.5±3.5) mmHg,significantly lower than those at 0° to 30° with statistical differences (t=6.015,P=0.000;t=7.537,P=0.000;t=9.173,P=0.000;t=13.856,P=0.000).By correlation analysis,posture was in great negative correlation with ICP and MAP in patients with critical conditions after craniotomy (r=0.732,P=0.000;r=0.757,P=0.000).Conclusion Posture nursing has a certain influence on the levels of ICP,MAP,and CPP in patients with critical conditions undergone craniotomy.Among them,posture at 30°to 40°,the levels of ICP and MAP are both decreased,and CPP is in rise simultaneously,which is beneficial to patient′s prognosis.

[Key words]Critical condition;Posture;Intracranial pressure;Mean arterial pressure;Cerebral perfusion pressure

顱脑损伤属于外科较为常见的疾病之一,该病具有病情重、复杂多变、并发症发生高、致残率高以及病死率高的特点[1]。其中大部分重症颅脑损伤患者均伴有颅内血肿以及脑出血等,需进行开颅手术治疗[2]。而开颅术后患者颅内压(intracranial pressure,ICP)、平均动脉压(mean arterial pressure,MAP)以及脑灌注压(cerebral perfusion pressure,CPP)均会出现一定的改变,且受多种因素影响,进一步会影响患者治疗及预后效果[3],因此,对重症开颅术后患者进行有效的护理降低ICP对改善治疗效果以及预后均有重要意义。鉴于此,本文研究重症开颅术后患者的体位护理对ICP、MAP及CPP的影响,现报道如下。

1 资料与方法

1.1一般资料

选取2015年3月~2016年2月于我院接受开颅术治疗的重症颅脑损伤患者40例。纳入标准:①所有患者给予持续有创ICP监测;②监测期间维持血压稳定。其中男23例,女17例;年龄32~67岁,平均(48.7±8.3)岁。所有患者均签署知情同意书,且经医院伦理委员会批准。

1.2研究方法

所有患者在开颅术后均采用美国生产的MPM-1监护仪进行有创ICP监测,使用颅骨钻孔将微型传感器置入患者颅内,并确定传感器密切接触颅脑内的蛛网膜下腔、硬脑膜下以及脑实质等部位,随后进行测量。……

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