台风巨灾影响下的福州市园林绿化养护管理研究
2017-05-31俞马路
俞马路
摘 要 台风会给城市园林绿化造成巨大的影响与损失。以2015年“苏迪罗”台风为例,梳理了台风巨灾对福州市在建园林绿化项目、公园景区、主城区绿化的影响;分析了园林绿化施工方式不科学,设计方案不规范,树种选择不合理等成灾的内在原因。最后,提出了完善规划与制度、制定大树种植技术导则、完善防台应急预案、强化部门协同联动、构建数字园林系统、尝试建立台风巨灾保险等养护管理的对策,希望能够为福州市及同类城市园林绿化养护管理提供一些有益借鉴。
关键词 台风 ;巨灾 ;园林绿化 ;养护管理
中图分类号 S668
Maintenance and Management of Fuzhou Green
Engineering under the Impact of Typhoon Catastrophe
YU Malu
(Fuzhou Greening Management Department, Fuzhou, Fujian 350003)
Abstract Typhoon catastrophe has great impact on the urban green engineering of Fuzhou. Taken the "SOUDELOR" typhoon as a case, the maintenance and management of Fuzhou green engineering is explored. Firstly, the impacts of typhoon catastrophe on the greening projects, scenic parks and urban greening are concluded. Secondly, the causes are summarized, including the unscientific construction methods, unstandardized design and unreasonable specie selection. Finally, the countermeasures of maintenance and management are put forward, including improving planning and regulation, formulating technical guidelines, improving typhoon emergency plan, strengthening departments' coordination, building digital landscape system, trying to establish typhoon insurance. It is hoped to provide some useful references to Fuzhou and similar cities.
Key words typhoon ; catastrophe ; green engineering ; maintenance and management
巨灾是指对国家或区域的社会经济产生严重后果,对民众生命财产造成特别巨大的影响与损失的自然灾害事件。当前,台风巨灾已经成为全球十大自然灾害之首[1],全球平均每年有80个左右的台风,造成直接经济损失约100亿美元、死亡人数约1万人[2]。中国每年约遭受10个以上台风影响,是全球受台风影响最严重的国家之一[2-3]。福州属典型的亚热带季风气候,台风活动频繁,每年平均台风直接登陆市境2-3次。2015年8月8日第13号强台风“苏迪罗”给福州市造成巨大的影响:树木倒伏、房屋倒塌、交通堵塞和车辆损毁等。然而,国内外关于应对台风巨灾的园林绿化养护研究相对较少[4-7]。本文以“苏迪罗”台风为例,探讨台风巨灾对城市園林绿化的影响、受灾原因及养护管理对策,希望能够为福州市及同类城市园林绿化养护管理提供一些有益借鉴。……
