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不同施氮量对幼龄胡椒叶片碳代谢的影响

2017-05-30鱼欢王灿李志刚杨建峰祖超郑维全

热带作物学报 2017年10期

鱼欢 王灿 李志刚 杨建峰 祖超 郑维全

摘 要 为探讨氮素营养对胡椒叶片碳代谢过程中碳水化合物累积及相关蔗糖酶活性的影响,以胡椒‘热引1号插条苗为试验材料,采用盆栽试验的方法,研究施氮量0、1、2、3、4 g/盆共5个处理对胡椒叶片酸性转化酶(AI)活性、蔗糖合成酶(SS)活性、蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)活性、可溶性糖、淀粉及氮含量的影响。结果表明,适量施氮肥可以增加胡椒叶片AI、SS和SPS活性,增加可溶性糖和氮含量,施氮不足或过量均会引起胡椒叶片AI、SS和SPS活性降低。胡椒叶片可溶性糖含量与抽花穗时间及花穗数量均呈显著正相关,淀粉含量与抽花穗时间和花穗量呈显著负相关。因此,在胡椒开花期,可通过施肥等栽培措施增加叶片中可溶性糖含量,进而促进开花。

关键词 施氮量;胡椒;碳代谢;生理特性

中图分类号 S573.9 文献标识码 A

Nitrogen Rate on Young Pepper Metabolism of Carbon

YU Huan1, 2, 3, WANG Can1, 2, 3, LI Zhigang1, 2, 3, YANG Jianfeng1, 2, 3 *,

ZU Chao1, 2, 3, ZHENG Weiquan1, 2, 3

1 Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China

2 Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Quality Regulation for Tropical Spice and Beverage Crops,

Wanning, Hainan 571533, China

3 Key Laboratory of Genetic Resource Utilization of Spice and Beverage Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wanning, Hainan

571533, China

Abstract In order to evaluate the nitrogen(N)rate on pepper metabolism of carbon, an experiment was conducted with five N treatments in pots. The five N treatments named N1, N2, N3, N4 and N5 were 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 g/pot, respectively. Invertase(AI)activity, sucrose synthase(SS)activity, sucrose phosphate synthase(SPS)activity, soluble sugar content, starch content and nitrogen content of pepper leaves were measured to assess N rate effect on pepper metabolism of carbon. The results showed that appropriate N rate increased AI activity, SS activity, SPS activity,soluble sugar content and nitrogen content. However, insufficient N and excessive N rate reduced AI, SS, and SPS activity. The soluble sugar content of leavers was positively correlated with flowering time and flower spike. The starch content of leavers was negatively correlated with flowering time and flower spike. Therefore, during the flowering period, in order to promote early flowering and more flower spike of pepper, the content of soluble sugar in leaves should be increased by fertilization and other cultivation measures.

Key words Nitrogen rate; pepper; metabolism of carbon; physiological characteristics

doi 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2017.10.003

胡椒(Piper nigrum L.)是世界上重要的多年生熱带香辛料作物,是我国热区主要经济作物之一[1]。胡椒枝条上的侧芽为混合芽,花芽和叶芽同时分化[2],因此,每抽生一片叶都会带来一穗花穗,因而胡椒几乎全年都可抽穗开花。在水分、养分充足的条件下,花芽发育成为正常的花穗,开花结果,但在水分养分等失衡条件下,花穗生长则受到一定影响,有时会发生胡椒花穗败育的情况。花穗的数量和质量直接关系到胡椒产量和品质形成。在胡椒生长发育过程中,氮肥对胡椒生长发育及开花结果具有重要作用[3-4]。氮素是花和花序发育所必需的,在一定范围内氮素能增加花量[5]。……

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