我国部分省份秸秆利用情况调查
2017-05-30宋柯峥谢晓航赵丽娅
宋柯峥 谢晓航 赵丽娅
摘要 为了解我国秸秆资源利用情况,通过实地考察、问卷、走访等形式,对我国部分省份的秸秆品种、产量及其利用情况进行了调查。结果表明:在调查的省份内,农民因为受到时间、经济等因素的影响,焚烧和废弃是处理秸秆的首选方法。农民愿意接受新能源,促进秸秆再利用。我国秸秆利用途径不多,方法陈旧。受调查人员中有96.6%对秸秆新能源利用持支持态度,80%受调查人员希望能综合利用秸秆,减少环境污染。最后综合调查结果提出合理利用秸秆的建议。
关键词 秸秆资源;资源利用;能源
中图分类号 S38 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2017)25-0061-04
Abstract A survey of crop residue species, yield and utilization in some provinces in China were conducted through questionnaires, investigation and interviewing. In the investigated provinces, abandoning and incineration disposal of crop residue was the primary treatment method for farmers. But in fact farmers were willing to accept new energy and made good use of crop residue resources. 96.6% of the surveyed people supported the use of crop residue as new energy, and 80% of the respondents hoped to make full use of crop residue resources, and reduce environmental pollution. Several suggestions were made about crop residue treatment basing on the survey.
Key words Crop residue resources;Resource utilization;Energy
秸稈含有丰富的N、P、K等微量元素,是天然的可再生资源。据统计,2009年我国农作物秸秆理论资源量为8.20亿t[1],风干降低含水量后为7.48亿t,而可获资源量为6.34亿t,除去秸秆还田、饲料化利用、工业原料及农村基本生活能源需求等途径外,可能源化利用秸秆量为1.52亿t[2]。鼓励和引导农作物秸秆的综合利用,对于生态环境的保护具有重要意义。由于农民经济条件、文化程度、社会背景良莠不齐,农民对秸秆的处理方法也大不相同。檀勤良等[3]利用Logit模型研究了农民秸秆利用的行为影响因素,针对农民的性别、年龄、受教育程度等,得出了农民对秸秆综合利用的倾向程度和农户个体特征、农户家庭因素、农户认识因素和社会因素4个方面之间的关系。秸秆的废弃及焚烧仍占大部分,约为2.15亿t,占秸秆利用总量的31.3%[4]。焚烧后的秸秆会产生大量颗粒物漂浮在空气中污染空气,浪费秸秆资源。……
