王钱保 赵振华 黎寿丰 黄华云 李春苗 薛龙岗

摘要 [目的]研究优质鸡鸡冠发育和开产性状之间的相关性。[方法]选取健康的S3系母系群体共800只母鸡为研究对象，测定冠高、冠长和开产性状等6个指标，进行优质鸡鸡冠与开产性状的回归分析。[结果]S3系母鸡冠高1、冠长、开产体重的变异系数较大，均超过10%，说明S3系在鸡冠发育和开产性能方面具有较大的选择潜力和提升空间；S3系鸡冠冠高与冠长呈显著正相关（P<0.05），其中冠高1与冠长的相关系数最大（0.42），冠高和冠长与开产日龄呈极显著负相关（P<0.01），其中冠长与开产日龄的相关系数最大（-0.45），而与开产体重和开产蛋重呈显著正相关（P<0.05），其中冠高2与开产体重的相关系数最大，达到0.26。采用Linear Regression过程的回归分析方法，成功构建了优质鸡S3系鸡冠发育与开产性状的回归方程，证实了冠高和冠长可作为选择开产性状的间接性指标。[结论]该研究结果对于今后优质鸡的性成熟选育具有重要的理论参考意义。

关键詞 优质鸡；鸡冠；开产性状；回归分析

中图分类号 S831 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2017）06-0092-03

Regression Analysis between Cockscomb and Traits at First Laying of High-quality Chicken

WANG Qian-bao， ZHAO Zhen-hua*， LI Shou-feng et al （Poultry Institute，Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Yangzhou， Jiangsu 225003）

Abstract [Objective] To study the correlation between the cockscomb development and traits at first laying of high-quality chicken. [Method] 800 hens of healthy S3 maternal line were selected as research objects to determine six traits（such as crown height， crown length，traits at first laying）. [Result] The variation coefficients of crown height 1， crown length and body weight at first laying of S3 line chicken were larger（over 10%）， which indicated the development and performance at first laying of S3 line had greater selection potential and promotion space. The crown height of S3 line had a positive correlations with crown length （P<0.05）. The correlation coefficient between crown height 1 and crown length reached the maximum value （0.42）. The crown height and crown length of S3 line had extremely significantly negative correlations with day-old at first laying （P<0.01）. The correlation coefficient between crown length and age at first laying was the maximum （-0.45）. The crown length of S3 line showed significantly positive correlations with body weight at first laying and egg weight at first laying（P<0.05）. The correlation coefficient between crown height 2 and body weight at first laying reached the maximum value （0.26）. Using regression method of linear regression process， the regression equation between the cockscomb development and the traits at first laying of S3 line was constructed， which proved that the crown height and crown length could be used as the indirect indicators for selecting traits at first laying. [Conclusion] The research results can provide important theoretical references for sexual maturity selection of high-quality chicken in the future.

Key words High-quality chicken；Cockscomb；Traits at first laying；Regression analysis

鸡冠发育是禽类第二性征最明显、最重要的表型特征，可以作为优质鸡开产性能和性成熟性状间接选择的重要参考指标之一。早熟性是优质鸡的一项重要经济性状，在不影响鸡肉品质和生长性能的基础上，通过对鸡冠的选育来间接提升优质鸡的开产性能，加快优质鸡提前上市，同时降低养殖成本，提高行业整体效益已成为当今优质鸡育种研究的重要研究课题。虽然目前对鸡冠在性早熟、肉品质及产蛋等性状进行间接或早期选择的研究较多[1-2]，但主要是针对快大型肉鸡和蛋鸡，而对于优质鸡鸡冠发育与母鸡早熟性、开产性状等是否同步化尚需进一步研究。笔者选取了江苏省家禽科学研究所利用dw矮小基因经过二十几年精心培育而成的优质型肉鸡S3系，通过线性回归和表型相关等分析优质鸡鸡冠发育与开产性状的内在关联性，从而为提高优质鸡开产性能和加快性早熟方面的选种选育和开发利用奠定理论基础。……