柴连生 雷荣深 周丰 柴小琴

摘要：對引进的苜蓿品种甘农5号进行了种植密度试验，观察了密度对其产量构成因素及产量的影响，结果表明，密度对株高、一级分枝、结荚花序数和荚果数的影响较大，对籽粒数和千粒重影响较小。在试验设计的密度范围内，甘农5号苜蓿种子产量随种植密度的增加先上升后下降，当密度为82 530株/hm2时产量达到最高。产量与构成因素间的相关分析表明，结荚花序数、荚果数、籽粒数及千粒重均与种子产量呈正相关，其相关系数分别为0.20，0.39，0.14，0.53。甘农5号苜蓿获得较高种子产量的种植密度为82 530株/hm2，即行距60 cm、株距30 cm。

关键词：甘农5号；紫花苜蓿；种植密度；种子产量

中图分类号：S 551 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1001-1463（2017）08-0044-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1001-1463.2017.08.011

Benefit Analysis of Potato Intercropping with Soybean

in Northwest Irrigation Areas

YANG Guo 1， CHEN Guangrong 2， 3， WANG LiMing 2， 3， YANG Ruping 2， 3， DONG Bo 2， 3， ZHANG Guohong 2， 3， Li Chende 4 ， YANG Guifang 5

（1. Jingyuan Farming and Animal Husnbandry Bureau， Jingyuan Gansu 730600， China； 2. Institute of Dryland Agriculture， Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Lanzhou Gansu 730070， China； 3. Key Laboratory of Northwest Drought Crop Cultivation of Chinese Ministry of Agriculture， Lanzhou Gansu 730070， China； 4. Gansu Institute of Agriculture Technology， Lanzhou Gansu 730020， China； 5. Gansu Central Keya green agriculture Technology Ltd， Lanzhou Gansu 730070， China）

Abstract：Field experiments are conducted in Northwest irrigation districts along Yellow river from 2013 to 2016. The concept related to yield equivalent and value of output equivalent is proposed， using various quantitative standards such as land equivalent ratio， yield equivalent， and value of output equivalent， the efficiency and the economic benefit. The physiological effect and micro ecological benefit on photosynthetic properties， soil microorganism populations， crop quality and weed control in intercropping systems are studied systematically. Early potato and soybean intercropping could significantly improve illumination effective utilization， ≥10 ℃ temperature effective utilization， rainfall effective utilization during green period and ground cover effective utilization. Intercropping significantly improved the land use efficiency， the unit area yield and the unit area value are 1.53 and 1.49 times of sole cropping. Intercropping also significantly improved soil microbial structure and crop quality， and therefore alleviated the obstacles of continuous cropping. Early potato and soybean intercropping is an effective cultivation method with great ecological and economic benefits. In addition to Labor， soil， heat and water resource intensively utilizing temporally and spatially， Early potato and soybean intercropping could increase the crop yield per unit area greatly， which could be extended at large scale.

Key words：Potato/ Soybean；Northwest Irrigation areas；Continuous croppingbostacle；Quality；Yield effect；Ecological benefit

紫花苜蓿是多年生优良豆科牧草，种植历史悠久，不仅是优质的饲料作物，也是优良观赏植物。甘肃省是苜蓿种植大省，目前全省苜蓿种植面积达60万多hm2，占全国种植面积的38%，始终位居全国之首。天水市位于甘肃东南部，自然条件和地理条件适合紫花苜蓿生长，近几年来，随着农业产业结构的战略性调整，天水市把发展草食畜牧业作为建设“畜牧大市，草业强市”的突破口来抓，使草食畜牧业有了较快的发展，草产业基地基本建成。紫花苜蓿作为天水市草业发展的主栽品种，种植面积逐年增大，市场对紫花苜蓿优良品种及种子的需求量增加，亟待加大对苜蓿优良品种的引进及种子生产技术的研究。不同区域的土壤与水肥条件不同，苜蓿的单株营养面积不同，进而苜蓿的群体密度不同，只有保证了适宜的播种密度，才能获得最大的籽实产量[1 - 6 ]。……