四句话牢记主谓一致
2017-05-13张文中
张文中
主谓一致是高考常考的语法项目,在语法填空、短文改错中经常有所体现,在写作中也常常使同学们感到为难。本人根据实际教学经验,教你四句话记牢主谓一致的规则:主复谓动复,主单谓动单;一分可为二,前后两向看。
[谓动用复数的情况]
1. 主语是复数可数名词时。如:
Two boys are playing on the playground.
2. 由两个部分组成的物体名词作主语时。如:
英语中有些由两个部分组成的物体名称,如glasses(眼镜),scissors(剪刀),shorts(短裤),shoes(鞋子),trousers(裤子)等作主语时,其后的谓语动词用复数形式。
His glasses were broken, so he cant see well.
His trousers are made of cotton.
注意 若这类名词前带有pair等表示单位的名词时,这些名词的单、复数形式决定动词的形式。如:
Two pairs of trousers are missing.
This pair of shoes is not on sale.
3. and连接的两个并列名词做主语,两个名词表示不同的人或物时谓语用复数,若表示同一人或物则谓语用单数。
A dancer and a singer are on the stage. (两个人)
A dancer and singer is on the stage. (同一人)
4. 集合名词在形式和内容上是相互“矛盾”的,就是说它们只有单数形式,但表达的是复数概念。它强调的是集体中的个体,这类名词有police,cattle,machinery,faculty,flock,vermin,personnel等。它们作主语时,谓语动词要用复数。如:
The police have caught the murder.
Our personnel are very highly trained.
The vermin are very dangerous.
[谓动用单数的情况]
1. 以-ics结尾的学科名词,如politics,physics,mathematics等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。以-s结尾的名词news,works,plastics等同属此类。如:
Politics is now taught in all schools.
“News of victories keeps pouring in as our army advances,” the company commander said.
Mathematics is a required subject for us.
Every possible means has been used to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.
2. 有些集合名詞表示的是人或事物的整体,即把这类人或事物的全部包括在内,所以只有单数形式。如作主语,谓语动词常用单数。这类名词常见的有:humanity,mankind,proletariat等。如:
The proletariat is the greatest class in the history of mankind. In the fields of production and scientific experiment, mankind makes constant progress.
3. 当表示时间、距离、金额等度量的复数名词作主语,被看作一个整体时,谓语动词一般用单数。如:
Two hours is enough for the task.
4.单个不定式短语、动词ing形式或名词性从句作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。如……
