何平+蒋远文+费世杰+蓝剑芸+吕丽华

【摘要】目的通过对三种过敏性皮肤病（荨麻疹、湿疹及过敏性皮炎）儿童进行皮肤变应原检测，了解这三种过敏性皮肤病的主要变应原及其分布特征。方法应用皮肤变应原点刺试剂盒对诊断为荨麻疹、湿疹或过敏性皮炎的236例儿童（年龄≤14岁）进行31种变应原检测分析。结果236例过敏性皮肤病患儿中，检出1种及以上变应原阳性的患儿233例，占98.73%，2种及以上变应原阳性的患儿230例，阳性率为97.46%。变应原中，粉尘螨、屋尘螨、蟑螂阳性率最高，依次为65.25%、60.59%、54.66%。吸入性变应原阳性率明显高于食入性，两者差异有统计学意义（χ2=10.090，P=0.001）。桃子、番茄、牛肉、海虾、粉尘螨、蒿属花粉的阳性率在三种过敏性皮肤病之间差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论百色市儿童过敏性皮肤病（荨麻疹、湿疹、过敏性皮炎）的常见食入性变应原为海鲜、牛奶、蛋类、茄子，常见的吸入性变应原为粉尘螨、屋尘螨、蟑螂。97.46%的受检患儿存在2种及以上变应原阳性反应，发生吸入性过敏的概率大于食入性过敏。

【关键词】过敏性皮肤病；儿童；皮肤点刺试验；变应原

中图分类号：R758.2文献标识码：ADOI：10.3969/j.issn.10031383.2016.05.012

【Abstract】ObjectiveTo understand the main allergens and their distribution characteristics of allergic dermatosis by detecting skin allergen of three kinds of allergic dermatosis（urticaria，eczema and atopic dermatitis ） of the children.MethodsA prick skin test kit was applied to detect 31 kinds of allergens of 236 children （aged under 14） who were diagnosed with urticaria，eczema or atopic dermatitis.ResultsAmong the 236 cases of allergic dermatosis，233 were detected with one or more positive allergens，accounting for 98.73%，230 were detected with two or more positive allergens，positive rate was 97.46%.Of all the allergens，dermatophagoides farinae，dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and cockroaches had the highest positive rate with 65.25%，60.59% and 54.66% respectively.Positive rate of inhaled allergens was significantly higher than that of ingested allergens，difference was statistically significant（χ2=10.090，P=0.001）.Difference of positive rates of peach，tomato，beef，shrimp，dermatophagoides farina and Artemisia pollen among the abovementioned three kinds of allergic dermatosis was statistically significant（P<0.05）.ConclusionFor the children in Baise city，common ingested allergens for allergic dermatosis （urticaria，eczema and allergic dermatitis） are seafood，milk，eggs and eggplants，while the common inhaled allergens are dermatophagoides farinae，dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and cockroaches.97.46% of the investigated child patients demonstrate positive responses to two or more allergens.The probability of inhaled allergy is greater than ingested allergy for child patients in this city.

【Key words】allergic dermatosis；child；skin prick test；allergen

过敏性疾病被世界卫生组织列为21世纪重点防治的三大疾病之一，已成为一种常见病、多发病[1]。其中，过敏性皮肤病就诊率占门诊量的20%～30%[2]。儿童发病率增高也尤为显著。儿童容易过敏，主要因为儿童免疫系统发育不成熟，肠道屏障功能不完善，生活环境的变化以及家庭的遗传因素。而避免接触变应原是预防儿童过敏性皮肤病发生的首选方法，因此了解该地区的主要变应原，对临床预防及治疗儿童过敏性皮肤病有重要意义。

1对象与方法1.1研究对象本研究对象来自2012年12月至2014年4月间就诊于我校附属医院皮肤科门诊，诊断为荨麻疹、湿疹、过敏性皮炎的患儿共236例。……