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反义疑问句常见错误例析

2017-04-12罗成勇

高中生学习·高二版 2017年4期
关键词:保持一致陈述句反义

罗成勇

在多数情况下,反义疑问句的疑问部分和陈述部分的主语相同,但形式相反。即:陈述部分是肯定式时,疑问部分用否定式;陈述部分是否定式时,疑问部分用肯定式。这是反义疑问句的一个基本原则,但在有些情况下,容易出现一些错误,现列举如下(所有的列举第一句都是错误的,第二句都是正确的)。

1. Somebody has come here, hasnt somebody?

Somebody has come here, hasnt they?

总结:如果陈述部分是everyone, someone, anyone, no one等代词时,反义疑问部分的主语一般用they。

2. There wont be any people in the room, will they?

There wont be any people in the room, will there?

总结:陈述部分是there be结构时,反义疑问部分用there作虚假主语。

3. He often has his breakfast at home, hasnt he?

He often has his breakfast at home, doesnt he?

总结:如果陈述部分有作“有”讲的have,反义疑问部分用have的适当形式来反问;但have不表示“有”时,疑问部分用do的适当形式。

4. He must be singing at home now, mustnt he?

He must be singing at home now, isnt he?

总结:陈述部分有must表示对现在的情况的推测时,疑问部分根据主语的数要用isnt或arent。

5. 误:It must have rained last night, havent it?

正:It must have rained last night, didnt it?

总结:陈述部分有must have done对过去的事情表示肯定的推测时,反义疑问句动词选用的原则是:陈述部分有具体的过去时间时,则当成一般过去式对待;否则,当成现在完成式来对待。

6. I am so interested in reading, am not I?

I am so interested in reading, arent I?

总结:陈述部分是I am ...时,疑问部分用arent I。

7. I wish to go to the cinema, dont I?

I wish to go to the cinema, may I?

总结:陈述部分的动词是wish时,疑问部分用may,且前后都用肯定式。

8. He is a cook but his wife is a doctor, isnt he?

He is a cook but his wife is a doctor, isnt she?

总结:陈述部分是并列句时,疑问部分要与最后的分句的主语和动词保持一致。

9. I dont believe they will come, do I?

I dont believe they will come, do they?

總结:陈述部分是I (dont) think/believe/suppose/expect/imagine/am sure/am afraid时,疑问部分要同从句的主语和动词保持一致,还要考虑否定转移的情况。否则,要同主句的主语保持一致。如:He supposes they can come, doesnt he?

10. We have never been to Rome before, havent we?

We have never been to Rome before, have we?

总结:当陈述部分有否定副词never, hardly, seldom, little等时,疑问部分用肯定式。但如果陈述部分只是含有否定前缀时,疑问部分仍用否定。如:He is unfit for the job, isnt he?

11. Dont close that window, dont you?

Dont close that window, will you?

总结:陈述部分是肯定的祈使句时,反义疑问句常用will you/would you/wont you。但是在否定的祈使句后的反义疑问句要用wont you。

12. So you are getting married, arent you?

So you are getting married, are you?

总结:陈述部分用so开头时,附加部分采用“同向”疑问,即前面是肯定的陈述句时,后面也用肯定的问句,前面是否定的陈述句时,后面也用否定的问句。又如:So you dont like my bike, dont you?

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