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肉类掺假鉴别技术研究进展

2017-04-10王守云

肉类研究 2017年4期

摘 要:随着现代分析检测技术的发展,肉类掺假鉴别技术也得到了长足的发展,主要包括感官鉴定技术、酶联免疫吸附(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)技术、聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)技术及生物质谱技术等。在这些技术中,感官鉴定技术操作简单,但准确度还有待改进。ELISA技术已有商品化试剂盒,由于受蛋白活性的影响,使其应用范围受到限制。PCR技术具有检测灵敏度高、结果重复性好等优势,但操作繁琐耗时。生物质谱技术通过多肽鉴定肉类掺假成为了一个新的发展方向。本文综述了现阶段常见肉类成分的检测技术,并对各种肉类掺假鉴别技术进行总结与分析,期望为肉类食品安全监测提供理论参考。

关键词:肉类掺假;鉴别技术;感官鉴定技术;酶联免疫吸附;聚合酶链式反应;生物质谱

Abstract: With the development of modern analytical techniques, identification techniques for meat adulteration have also been well developed, including sensory-directed identification, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and mass spectrometry (MS). Sensory-directed identification is easy to perform, but the accuracy needs to be improved. Many ELISA kits have already been commercially developed, but their application is limited due to protein activity. PCR has the advantages of high sensitivity and repeatable results despite being tedious and time consuming. The application of MS in peptide analysis has become a new research direction for identification of milk adulteration. This paper provides an overview of the most common techniques currently used to detect meat ingredients and the existing techniques for identifying meat adulteration are summarized and analyzed to provide a theoretical reference for meat safety monitoring.

Key words: meat adulteration; identification technology; sensory-directed identification; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); polymerase chain reaction (PCR); mass spectrometry (MS)

DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-201704010

中图分类号:TS207.3 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1001-8123(2017)04-0056-06

引文格式:

王守云, 袁明美, 封聪, 等. 肉类掺假鉴别技术研究进展[J]. 肉类研究, 2017, 31(4): 56-61. DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-201704010. http://www.rlyj.pub

WANG Shouyun, YUAN Mingmei, FENG Cong, et al. Recent advances in identification techniques for meat adulteration[J]. Meat Research, 2017, 31(4): 56-61. DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-201704010. http://www.rlyj.pub

中国是肉类消费大国,随着社会的发展、居民生活水平的提高,人们的饮食结构也在逐渐发生变化,动物性蛋白质在饮食中所占的比例呈现逐渐升高的趋势。这使得许多不法商贩以价格低廉的马肉、猪肉、鸡肉或其他动物肉类冒充价格高昂的牛肉、羊肉,赚取高额利润。

目前,肉类掺假事件时有报道,肉类食品安全状况不容乐观。例如“老鼠肉、狐狸肉和水貂肉冒充羊肉”[1-3]、济南沃尔玛超市熟驴肉中掺杂狐狸肉以及波及欧盟多国的“马肉风波”[4]等事件。这种欺诈行为不仅扰乱了市场秩序,同時涉及了宗教饮食禁忌等问题[5]。……

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