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[摘要]该文研究土壤消毒、绿肥回田、施肥过程中土壤微生态环境的变化，初步建立农田土壤改良方法，保证农田栽参的顺利进行。研究分析了土壤消毒、消毒+绿肥回田及消毒+绿肥回田+施肥处理后农田土壤理化性状、细菌群落多样性及组成，结果表明改良措施降低土壤pH，增加土壤肥力，降低土壤细菌多样性，改变细菌群落的组成。消毒+绿肥回田+施肥的综合措施降低移栽参苗死亡率。该研究表明土壤消毒、消毒+绿肥回田、消毒+绿肥回田+施肥的措施改变农田土壤微生态环境，综合改良措施提高参苗存苗率，保障农田栽参的开展。

[关键词]农田栽参；微生态；土壤消毒；绿肥回田

Effects of improving measures on soil microecology and

survival rate of ginseng in farmlands

DONG Linlin1， XU Jiang1， NIU Weihao1， GAO Yue1， ZHANG Naiwu2， NAOKI Fujihara3， LI Xiwen1， CHEN Shilin1*

（1Institute of Chinese Materia Medica， China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences， Beijing 100700， China；

2 China Medico Corporation， Beijing 100062， China；

3 Botanical Raw Materials Research Laboratories， Ibaraki 3001192， Japan）

[Abstract]This study analysed the changes of the soil microecology in the process of soil sterilization， green manure returning farmlands and fertilization The methods of soil improvement was initially built which ensured the successful proceed of ginseng cultivation in farmlands The soil chemical properties were analysed， the diversity and composition of bacterial community after soil sterilization， sterilization+green manure returning farmlands and sterilization+green manure returning farmlands+fertilization The results exhibited that measures of soil improvement decreased the pH， increased soil fertility， declined the diversity of bacterial community and changed the composition of soil bacterial community The comprehensive measures of sterilization+green manure returning farmlands+fertilization decreased the ginseng death rate compared to the control Our data indicated that soil microecological environment was changed by the treatments of soil sterilization， sterilization+green manure returning farmlands and sterilization+green manure returning farmlands+fertilization， and comprehensive measures improved the survival rate and guaranteed the development of ginseng cultivation in farmlands

[Key words]ginseng cultivation on farmlands； soil microecology； soil sterilization； green manure returning farmlands

doi：10.4268/cjcmm20162307

人參Panax ginseng C A Mey是传统名贵药材，有“百草之王”的美誉。中国是人参主产国，其栽培面积和产量均居世界首位[1]。人参是多年生宿根植物，连作障碍问题严重，极大制约了人参产业的可持续发展[2]。利用传统农田种植人参，可实现传统作物与人参轮作，有效的缓解参地资源紧缺的问题[3]。

农田土栽种人参存在产量低、病害重等问题[4]，其主要原因是农田土的有机质含量低，土壤肥力较差，孔隙度小，容重大，不利于人参生长[56]。因此，土壤改良是保障农田栽参顺利开展的前提。土壤消毒能有效杀灭土壤中病原菌，减轻土传病害[7]，绿肥回田可以改善土壤的理化性状并对病虫害有显著的抑制作用[8]，施肥改土增加土壤肥力，保证人参的顺利生长[9]。目前，关于土壤消毒和绿肥回田及施肥改土过程中，土壤微生态环境变化的研究相对较少，而该结果对于指导土壤改良具有重要的意义。……