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系统性硬化症的心脏受累

2017-04-06余明众

上海医药 2017年25期

余明众

摘 要 系统性硬化症(SSc)患者常伴有心脏受累,尽管大多数的心脏病变都呈隐匿性进展,但是当患者出现明显的临床心血管疾病症状时,常提示预后不良。SSc可以影响心脏各个部位,最终导致心肌缺血、心脏循环障碍、心律失常,心包积液以及瓣膜损伤。在目前众多的检测方法中,超声心动图,特别是组织多普勒成像、心脏磁共振成像以及PET扫描等对早期筛选SSc相关心脏病具较高敏感性。钙通道阻断剂和血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂的使用可以改善SSc心肌灌注和心脏功能,更重要的是,对SSc心脏受累进行早期的筛查和治疗,将对其预后改善产生重要影响。

关键词 系统性硬化病 心脏受累

中图分类号:R593.25 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006-1533(2017)S1-0052-03

Cardiac involvement in systemic sclerosis

YU Mingzhong

(The First Hospital affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China)

ABSTRACT Patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) may suffer from cardiac manifestations, although the majority of cardiac involvements will remain subclinical. However, poor prognosis will be suggested when the symptoms of significant clinical cardiovascular disease occur in the patient. Cardiac manifestations of SSc may finally result in myocardial ischemia, cardiac circulatory disturbance, arrhythmias, pericardial effusion, and valvular impairment. Of the currently practical screening methods, echocardiography, especially tissue Doppler imaging (TDI), cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) are the sensitive techniques for earlier detection. Treatment with calcium channel blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors may improve myocardial perfusion and function from SSc cardiac manifestations. More importantly, early screening and treatment of SSc cardiac involvement may lead to a positive outcome of those patients.

KEY WORDS systemic sclerosis; cardiac manifestation

系統性硬化症(systemic sclerosis, SSc)是一种复杂的多系统性疾病,表现为皮肤和内脏器官的纤维化,同时伴有广泛的微血管病变及自身免疫紊乱。心脏作为SSc的重要受累器官,其病情发展对SSc患者的预后有重大影响。Tyndall等[1]回顾性分析了数千名SSc患者的临床资料,结果显示SSc患者死于心血管疾病的比例高达26%。同样的,另一项对254例SSc患者预后的回顾性研究显示[2]:SSc患者的估计死亡率为每年2%,心脏疾病的发生率在局限性SSc中占7%,弥漫性SSc中占21%。然而,大多数的SSc早期心脏受累多为亚临床进展,其表现为反复的小血管痉挛发作,成纤维细胞大量的活化与胶原累积,以及复杂的免疫紊乱,随后逐渐发展成心肌缺血、炎性损伤以及纤维化,同时可影响心脏传导系统、心包及心脏瓣膜,而当出现明显心血管临床症状时,心脏结构及功能改变多不可逆,并导致不良预后,出现严重的心力衰竭以及恶性心律失常。……

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