1. educate vt. 教育；教导

She was educated in China and now is living in Korea.

她是在中国受的教育，现在住在韩国。

The campaign is intended to educate the public to respect the old.

这一运动旨在教育公众尊重老年人。

educate sb in/on sth 在某事上教育某人

Children need to be educated on the dangers of drug-taking.

有必要对儿童进行吸毒有害的教育。

education n. 教育

educated adj. 受过教育的；有教养的

educational adj. 教育的；有教育意义的

2. support vt. 支持；帮助；支撑；养（家）

n. 支持；帮助；支撑（物）

If you raise the question at the meeting， Ill support you.

如果你在会上提出这个问题，我将支持你。

Support the babys head when you hold it.

抱婴儿时要把他的头托住。

Mark has one child to support from his second marriage.

马克得供养他第二次婚姻生的一个孩子。

There is strong public support for the change.

公众强烈支持这一变革。

Her family and friends have given her lots of support.

家人和朋友给了她很多帮助。

When my father died， I became the real support.

我父亲死后， 我成了真正的顶梁柱。

in support of 支持……

come to ones support 支持某人

Only a few people spoke in support of the proposal.

只有几个人表示支持这一提议。

We found the new evidence to come to his support.

我们找到新的证据来支持他。

3. replace vt. 取代，代替；把……放回原处

The new design will finally replace all existing models.

新的设计最终将会取代所有现有的型号。

I picked them up and replaced them in the bag.

我捡起它们，放回袋子。

replace sb/sth with/by sb/sth 用……替换；以……接替

It is not a good idea to miss meals and replace them with snacks.

不吃正餐，改吃点心，这不是什么好主意。

Teachers will never be replaced by computers in class.

在课堂上电脑永远不会取代老师。

4. explode vt. 使爆炸；vi. 爆炸

explosion n. 爆炸

There was a huge sudden bang as if someone had exploded a rocket outside.

突然一声巨响，仿佛有人在外面引爆了火箭。

Bombs were exploding all around the city.

城里到處都响起炸弹的爆炸声。

More than one hundred people were injured in the explosion.

一百多人在这次爆炸中受伤。

explode into/with... 突然发生……

We all exploded into wild laughter.

我们都突然大笑起来。

Tom exploded with rage.

汤姆勃然大怒。

explosive adj. 会爆炸的；爆炸性的

5. escape v. 逃跑；逃脱

n. 逃跑；逃脱

Two prisoners have escaped.

两名囚犯逃走了。

When he was a child he often escaped into a dream world of his own.

小时候他常常躲进自己的梦想世界中。

I had a narrow escape.

我是死里逃生。

There was no hope of escape from her miserable marriage.

她没有希望从不幸的婚姻中解脱出来。

escape from... 从……逃跑；逃脱

She managed to escape from the burning car.

她设法从燃烧的汽车里成功逃脱了出来。

escaped adj. 逃跑了的

6. clear v. 移走，清除；（烟、雾等）消散

I had cleared my desk before I left.

离开前我清理干净了桌子。

The fog wont clear until tomorrow.

雾明天才会消散。

clear away 消散，散去

clear...of... 移走/清除……中的……

clear...off... 从……中移走/清除……

The mist cleared away as the sun came out.

太阳出来雾就消散了。

I cleared my desk of papers and got down to work.

我清理好桌上的文件后开始工作。

Clear all those papers off the desk.

把桌上所有那些文件都拿走。

7. producer n. 生产者；制片人

production n. 生产；产量；作品；

演出（的剧）

Libya is one of major oil producers.

利比亚是主要石油生产国之一。

Who is the producer of this film？

谁是这部电影的制片人？

Production of the new aircraft will start next year.

新飞机的生产将于明年开始。

It is important not to let production fall.

重要的是别让产量滑落。

Every year the school puts on a musical production.

这所学校每年都上演一部音乐剧。

produce v. 生产；制造

n. 产品；（尤指）农产品

product n. 产品；制品；（自然、化学或工业过程

的）产物

productive adj. 生产的；多产的；有效益的

8. breakthrough n. 突破

Scientists always try their best to make a breakthrough in their own fields.

科学家们总是尽他们最大的努力在他们各自的领域取得突破。

An important breakthrough in negotiations has been achieved.

谈判已取得了重大突破。

breakthrough是由短语break through構成的合成名词，英语中有很多类似的例子。如：

break out 爆发→outbreak n. 爆发

break down 故障→breakdown n. 故障

burst out 突然开始（做某事）→outburst n. 爆发，

迸发

come out 出来，结果是→outcome n. 结果；效果

put out 生产→ output n. 产量

9. quantity n. 数量（作不可数名词，和质量相对；

作可数名词，指具体数量）

quality n. 质量（作不可数名词，和数量相对）；

（人的）品质（可数名词）

I prefer quality to quantity.

我重质不重量。

This hotel buys a vast quantity of meat every day.

这个酒店每天都要买很多肉。

Quality is more important than quantity.

质量比数量重要。

He has all the qualities of a successful businessman.

他有成为成功商人的所有品质。

be of good/bad quality 质量好/不好

in quality 质量方面

in quantity 大量的

a large/small quantity of 大量/少量的……

The machine is of good/bad quality.

这机器质量好/不好。

It is often cheaper to buy goods in quantity.

大量购物一般比较便宜。

Put a small quantity of sugar into the coffee.

放少量糖到咖啡里。

The police found a large quantity of drugs at his home.

警方在他家發现了大量毒品。

quantitative adj. 数量上的；定量的

qualitative adj. 性质上的；定性的

比较：quantity，number，amount的区别

quantity可与可数及不可数名词连用，number只与可数名词连用；amount只与不可数名词连用。

My birthday wish is that I can have a large quantity of presents/money.

我的生日愿望是能有很多礼物/钱。

I could give you any number of reasons for not going.

我可以给你许多不去的理由。

No amount of encouragement would make him jump into the swimming pool.

再怎样鼓励，他也不肯往游泳池里跳。

10. as a result of 由于……的结果

She died as a result of her injuries.

她由于受伤而死亡。

As a result of her hard work， she won the scholarship.

由于努力学习，她获得了奖学金。

比较：as a result of 和as a result的区别

as a result of 由于……的结果（多引起状语）

as a result 结果……（作状语）

He was late as a result of a heavy snow.

他由于大雪而迟到了。

As a result， he became successful at the age of 45.

结果，他在45岁时成功了。

表示原因的短语：

because of/thanks to/owing to/due to/as a consequence of 由于，因为……

跟踪导练（一）

阅读理解

A

Once Wilhelm K. Roentgen and several other scientists were experimenting with passing electric currents through certain gases in a special glass tube from which the air had been taken away. Then one day Roentgen noticed that though the tube was covered with black paper， some strange kind of radiation were coming through and making a screen nearby give out light. Roentgen could see nothing out of the tube. But then he discovered that if he put the screen in the next room on the other side of the closed door， the rays still seemed to affect it. The screen showed that the rays could pass not only through the black paper but also through wood.

The next thing he found out was that if he put his hands between the rays and a photographic plate， the rays would print a shadow of the bone framework of his hands on the plate. In fact， the rays could pass as easily through the fleshy （肉的） part of his hand as through the black paper， but hardly at all through the bone. So Roentgen made the first X-ray picture of a hand showing just how the bones in the hand fitted together.

Roentgen called these unknown rays X-rays， but other scientists called them Roentgen rays in honor of the man who first found them.

1. What was in the special glass tube？

A. Air. B. Water.

C. Gases. D. Paper.

2. According to this passage， Roentgen discovered X-rays ___ .

A. by accident

B. by working hard

C. by doing lots of experiments

D. with the help of several other scientists

3. What can X-rays hardly pass through？

A. Wood. B. Bones.

C. Flesh. D. Black paper.

4. Whats the best title of the passage？

A. The Discovery of X-Rays

B. The First X-ray Picture of A Hand

C. The Discovery of Electric Currents

D. The Use of Rays and Photographic Plates

B

In the past ten years， many scientists have studied the differences between men and women. And they all got the same answer： The sexes are different， because their brains are different. And this， the scientists say， makes men and women see the world in different ways.

Boys， for example， generally are better than girls at mathematical ideas. Boys also generally are better than girls at the kind of hand and eye movements necessary for ball sports. Girls， on the other hand generally start speaking earlier than boys. And they generally see better in the dark than boys and are better at learning foreign languages.

What makes men and women better at one thing or another？ The answer is the brain. The brain has two sides connected by nerve tracks. The left side generally is used for mathematics， speech and writing. The right side is used for artistic creation and the expression for emotions. In men and women， different areas in each side of the brain develop differently. In boys， for example， its the area used for mathematics. In girls， it is the area used for language skills. Another interesting difference is that the two sides of a mans brain are connected by a smaller nerves than the two sides of a womans brain are.

5. What makes men and women think differently？

A. The different experiences.

B. The influences of society.

C. The influences of sex.

D. The different brains.

6. The girl students are generally better than boys in learning ___ .

A. physics B. chemistry

C. English D. mathematics

7. What is the left side of the brain used for？

A. Speech and writing.

B. Writing and language skills.

C. Speech and artistic creation.

D. Mathematics and emtional expression.

8. Which of the following is the best title？

A. Research on the Brain

B. Peoples Different Brains

C. Who Are Better， Boys or Girls

D. Differences Between Men and Women

跟蹤导练（二）

完形填空

Do you like texting others？ Last August， my sister and I were 1 to our friend Elizabeths party. I hadnt seen my friends much over the summer and I 2 to talk with them. At the party， my friend Adam was sitting at my table.

“Hey， Adam，” I said. “Hey， hold up. Im 3 ，” he said. I asked him what he was 4 and he told me he was texting a girl. He just sat there texting for 5 of the party. He 6 didnt eat. I was disappointed because I hadnt seen him for several weeks and he didnt even talk to me. My friends and I tried to get him to 7 texting and start communicating with other people， 8 he didnt stop. We asked him to dance， and he said “No.” When I 9 out with my friends and theyre texting， it 10 me because I feel like Im not that 11 to them.

Technology makes it 12 for us to get in touch with others. I get my grades through e-mail from my 13 and my mom can call me 14 my cellphone to say that shell pick me up ten minutes late. But sometimes we 15 control of how to use technology. Sometimes I think a lot of my friends would rather interact with small 16 instead of real people.

There are times when its OK to text， such as to 17 or ask a friend about something， or if Im really bored and theres nothing to do and no one to talk to. I used to text a lot. Whenever it was hard for me to 18 ， I would pick up my phone and start texting my friends until it was well after midnight. But I dont think texting frequently is 19 when Im with my friends， in class， at a family dinner， at church or at the movies. So change your 20 if you act like this.

1. A. sent B. asked C. allowed D. invited

2. A. thought B. wanted C. agreed D. accepted

3. A. busy B. angry C. sad D. lonely

4. A. writing B. texting C. doing D. watching

5. A. most B. some C. many D. bit

6. A. also B. just C. still D. even

7. A. finish B. stop C. avoid D. apologize

8. A. so B. though C. but D. and

9. A. look B. hang C. call D. set

10. A. destroys B. surprises C. shocks D. displeases

11. A. kind B. friendly C. important D. helpful

12. A. easier B. harder C. closer D. busier

13. A. friends B. teachers C. sisters D. classmates

14. A. on B. at C. by D. over

15. A. demand B. drop C. lose D. get

16. A. toys B. machines C. tools D. things

17. A. remind B. scold C. teach D. record

18. A. fall asleep B. cheer up C. get up D. get over

19. A. necessary B. natural C. practical D. good

20. A. mind B. habit C. manner D. attention

語法填空

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

In my opinion， we should try our best 1 （realize） our goals even though there is little hope. The 2 （effort） seem to be the lights in the darkness， leading the way 3 hope and success.

I used to be a shy girl in my primary school. I was weak in English at that time， especially for spoken English. So I was afraid to answer the 4 （teacher） questions during English classes. After I entered my dream middle school， something 5 （change）. I started to read many interesting English stories 6 my English teacher was patient to help me a lot. I studied hard in class and practiced by 7 （watch） English films and listening to English songs in my free time. Little by little， I found 8 more and more interesting to learn English. I could even talk with my classmates

9 （fluent） in English and I was not shy any more. At last， I got high grades in English and I had 10 （ confident） to do it better in the future.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

跟蹤导练（三）

阅读理解

A

We will be traveling to the Presidio in San Francisco to visit the newly opened Walt Disney Family Museum. There are countless art exhibits and even a model of an early Disneyland Park.

We will enter the museum at the same time and then each family is free to enjoy the art exhibits in the museum. Lunch will be on you， so bring a lunch or bring money for the Museum Café. For those of you who are interested in exploring the Presidio， there is a free Presidio bus. The Walt Disney Family Museum is a must-see for anyone who likes Disneyland. Here are the details：

Date： March 22， 2017

Time： 9： 30 am to 4： 00 pm

Location： Presidio， San Francisco

Cost per person： $35（Adult）/ $25（Aged 6 ～17）/ $10（Children under 6 years）. A registration fee covers round-trip bus transportation to and from Alameda and admission into the Walt Disney Family Museum.

New pick-up location： Bayport Recreation Center， Jack London

Avenue. （Parents must be around children on trip. Please check in at least 15 minutes before setting-out time. ）

Click here to download the “Walt Disney Family Museum” flyer（PDF， 245Kb）.

Its easy to register！ You may register：

In person or by mail at： Alameda Recreation and Park Department（2226 Santa Clara Avenue， Alameda， CA 94501）

Phone registrations with Master Card or VISA will be accepted for people 18 years old and over（510）747-7529.

Fax form with Master Card or VISA to（510）747-7566.

Save time and register online at www. arpdeplay. com.

Registration deadline： March 7， 2017

1. Besides a registration fee， visitors may also need to pay for ___ .

A. the transportation to Alameda

B. their lunch inside the museum

C. the transportation from Alameda

D. the admission fee into the museum

2. How much will a couple have to pay if they take part in the activity with their 4-year-old daughter？

A. $60. B. $70.

C. $80. D. $95.

3. Where is this passage most probably taken from？

A. A newspaper. B. A magazine.

C. A website. D. A radio program.

B

Human beings are the most intelligent of all animals because we are gifted with the ability to think and reason logically. Scientists and even common people with special intelligence have made a lot of inventions and contributions to modern lifestyle in the past and even now.

Many household items have been the result of inventions of people who desired better functioning of the existent products. Every individual has intelligence and if it is used properly for the right purpose it leads to invention of a new tool or device. Many new household inventions are made almost every day and there are specific companies， which particularly keep a record of all these inventions.

A lot of inventions have been made recently in the household field. These products are patented （專利） and have trade mark licenses. The patented sliding cinch is a very simple but effective method to prevent shoulder stress and injury for those who work before computers all day long. Vanity PC is a type of computer furniture that specifically hides all the computer wires and keeps a clean and good look. All the outdoor dust， mud and snow can be kept out of the house by fixing the dirt drain （排水管） at the entrance of the door. Another important invention is the automatic toilet night?light， in which a small light starts when the lid of the toilet seat is opened and closes as soon as the lid is closed.

These are some of the new household inventions invented mostly by common people. Thus， a variety of new household items are invented every day， which help in a better functioning of household chores and in a more useful manner.

4. Whats the purpose of the first paragraph？

A. To introduce the topic of the article.

B. To stress the importance of inventions.

C. To show the advantages of modern lifestyle.

D. To tell the differences between human beings and animals.

5. According to the passage， people make house inventions to ___ .

A. escape from household chores

B. earn more money and gain awards

C. improve the present living conditions

D. meet the new demands of new science

6. Why can common people also make good inventions？

A. Wisdom and inspiration sometimes come from everyday life.

B. Some inventions are easy to be made and can be mastered by them.

C. They have a strong desire to do something for science research.

D. Success is often connected with experience of common people.

7. What does the passage mainly talk about？

A. The history of household inventions.

B. The correct use of household facilities.

C. Household inventions and their influence.

D. Different ideas about household inventions.

跟蹤导练（四）

阅读理解

Psychologist George Spilich and workmates at Washington College in Chestertown， Maryland， decided to find out whether， as many smokers say， smoking helps them to “think and concentrate”. Spilich put young non-smokers， active smokers and smokers deprived （被剥夺） of cigarettes through many tests.

In the first test， each subject sat before a computer screen and pressed a key as soon as he or she recognized a target letter among a group of 96 letters. In this simple test， active smokers， deprived smokers and non-smokers performed equally well.

The next test was more complex， requiring all to look quickly at orders of 20 same letters and respond to the immediate one of the letters transformed into a different one. Non-smokers were faster， but under the encouragement of nicotine， active smokers were faster than deprived smokers.

In the third test of short-term memory， non-smokers made the fewest errors， but deprived smokers committed fewer errors than active smokers.

The fourth test required people to read a passage， and then answer questions about it. Non-smokers remembered 19 percent more of the most important information than active smokers， and deprived smokers bested those who had smoked a cigarette just before testing. Active smokers were not only likely to have poorer memories but also had trouble picking important information from unimportant details.

“As our tests became more complex，” Spilich concludes， “non-smokers performed greatly better than smokers.” He predicts， “Smokers might perform well enough at many jobs—until they got complex. A smoking airline pilot could fly well enough if no problems appeared， but if something went wrong， smoking might damage his mental capacity （容量）.”

1. Whats the purpose of George Spilichs experiment on smoking？

A. To show how it damages peoples mental capacity.

B. To prove that it affects peoples regular performance.

C. To find out whether it helps peoples short-term memory.

D. To test whether it has a positive effect on the mental capacity of smokers.

2. George Spilichs experiment was conducted by ___ .

A. checking the effectiveness of nicotine on smokers

B. registering the immediate responses of the subjects

C. putting the subjects through increasingly complex tests

D. forcing the subjects to pick major information from details

3. The underlined word “bested” in Paragraph 5 most probably means “___”.

A. lost B. beat

C. hated D. caught

4. What can be inferred from the last paragraph？

A. Somking is not allowed during flights.

B. Smoking in urgent cases causes mental illness.

C. Smokers should not expect to become airline pilots.

D. Smokers may prove unable to deal with urgent cases.

閱读七选五

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Heart disease is the most common cause of death in the United States. Over a million people each year will have a heart attack and 25% will die before they get to the hospital or in the Emergency Department. 1 . Prevention is the best way so it does not damage your heart and limit your ability to enjoy life. Simple ways might help reduce your risk：

Dont smoke

This means that you should stop smoking as soon as possible if you already smoke， and if you live with a smoker， you should put limits on the smoker. 2 ， be sure never to start this habits.

Get moving

3 . Find a form of exercise you enjoy enough to do it regularly and stick to it. If you have health issues that limit exercise， see your doctor for suggestions and make sure you begin with a program that will not be too challenging for you to keep with it.

Eat healthy foods

Make sure you follow a heart prevention diet， even if you dont have any symptoms of heart disease. 4 . You should eat a high-fiber， low-fat diet rich in fruits， vegetables and whole grains. Meats should be lean （瘦的）， and fats should be limited to heart healthy fats such as olive oil. 5 ， and fruits and vegetables should make up a large part of your daily meals.

A. Manage your weight

B . If you havent started smoking

C. A heart attack is a very frightening event

D. Sugars and processed foods should be limited

E. The key is to prevent the disease before it starts

F. If you feel any of these heart attack symptoms

G. Its best if you can get 30 minutes exercise a day

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

跟踪导练（五）

选词填空

用方框里单词的正确形式填空，使其句意完整。每空一词，有两个词是多余的。

publish escape graduate explode convert lead

produce victim part figure agriculture educate

1. A TV set ____ electric energy into sound and light energy.

2. It is important not to let ____ levels fall in our factory.

3. Her father is a man of little ____ .

4. This country is no longer a（n） ____ country.

5. He acted the ____ part in the play.

6. What you said is ____ true.

7. My son just ____ from high school this summer.

8. The ____ were found lying dead on the river bank.

9. He saw the man thief ____ from the flat gate last night.

10. The news said the criminal who made the ____ in our city was arrested.

句子翻譯

1. 由于他愚蠢的行为，他失去了所有的朋友。（as a result of）

2. 比尔出生在加拿大，但在美国长大。（bring up）

3. 歌手以唱歌为生，而老师靠教学谋生。（earn ones living）

4. 我现在只是做我能做的支持他们。（in support of）

5. 他是出了名的大善人。（be known for）

短文改错

There are more and more students who are developing bad eating habits in our school， which has attracted widely attention of the parents and our school. Some students often go to school without have breakfast. When they are hungry， they prefer eating some snack. Some of them are even particular with food； they only eat what they like and never touch food they dont like even if they really need it for their health. Whats worse， some students eat or drink too much at a time， which do great harm to their health.

As it is known， we are what we eat. Its important of us to form a healthy eating habit. We should have various healthy diets what generally include proper amounts of fish， meat， vegetables， fruits as well as main food. Only in this way can we built a strong body and enjoy a better life.

书面表达

为了践行社会主义核心价值观，你校学生会决定举办以“文明礼仪伴我行”为主题的英语征文比赛。请你根据以下的要点提示及要求，写一篇英语短文参赛。

要点提示：

1. 尊敬父母，帮助他们做家务；

2. 对人有礼貌，诚实友好，帮助他人；

3. 不在公共场所大声讲话，不乱扔垃圾；

4. 节约粮食，节约用水。

要求：

1. 词数100左右（短文开头已给出，不计入总词数）；

2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3. 文章中不得出现真实的人名、校名和地名。

As a middle school student， we should have good manners.