APP下载

虚拟语气高考考点扫描

2017-03-28梁红梅

试题与研究·高考英语 2016年4期

梁红梅

虚拟语气是通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示,表示说话者的愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测或建议,而不表示客观存在。

一、高考常考点

(一)if引导的虚拟条件句

【典例1】Why didnt you tell me about your trouble last week? If you___________ (tell) me, I could have helped. (2016年北京卷)

解析:had told。根据主句谓语“could have helped”可以判断此句表示与过去的事实相反,所以从句谓语用过去完成时。

【典例2】If I __________ (see) it with my own eyes, I wouldnt have believed it. (2015年北京卷)

解析:hadnt seen。根据主句谓语“wouldnt have believed”可以判断此句表示与过去的事实相反,所以从句谓语用过去完成时。

【典例3】We__________ (be) back in the hotel now if you didnt lose the map. (2014年北京卷)

解析:would be。根据主句中的时间状语now可知,主句表示与现在的事实相反,所以本空填would be。

【典例4】Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she___________(live) there, she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often. (2012年安徽卷)

解析:were to live/ should live/ lived。根据句意可知,表示与将来的事实可能相反,所以本空填were to live/ should live/ lived。

【注意】此外這种表示假设条件的虚拟语气还可以倒装,首先将从句中的连词if去掉,把句中的were, should, had提到主语之前。

【典例5】(单句改错)Have the governments and scientists not worked together, AIDS-related deaths would not have fallen since their highest in 2005. (2016年浙江卷)

解析:把have改为had。根据题干中的“would not have fallen”可知主句是对过去的虚拟,所以从句用“if the governments and scientists had not worked together”与主句保持一致。If引导的虚拟条件句中含有had时,可将if省去,将had提前到主语之前构成倒装结构。

【典例6】__________there no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world. (2014年福建卷)

解析:Were。根据主句谓语用“would+动词原形”以及句意可知,表示对现在情况的虚拟,条件句中用一般过去时,将连词if去掉,则把were提到主语之前。

(二)含蓄条件句

有时假设的情况并不是以条件从句形式表现出来,而是通过暗含的含蓄条件with, without, but, but for, but that, or, otherwise引起的短语或句子来代替if引导的虚拟条件句。

[\&with/without/ But for...\&现在\&would/could+动词原形\&过去\&would/could+ have done\&]

【典例1】Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway____________ (write) his famous novel A Farewell to Arms. (2015年重庆卷)

解析:wouldnt have written。根据句中的“without his wartime experiences”可知描述的情况是对过去情况的否定猜测,故主句用wouldnt have written。

【典例2】It is lucky we booked a room, or we__________ (have) nowhere to stay now. (2015年安徽卷)

解析:would have。or引导含……

登录APP查看全文