湖南 刘 景

被动语态十大高频考点聚焦

湖南 刘 景

被动语态是高考频繁考查的重要考点之一，在复习备考中，需要突出针对性，明确命题规律，掌握答题技巧，这样才能科学高效备考。

一、基本句型结构

类 别 被动语态结构 __________例 句一般现在时 主语+ am/ is/ are + done Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 游客请勿触____________________________摸陈列品。_______________一般过去时________________________主语+ was/ were + done The house was destroyed in the earthquake.房子在地震中被毁。一般将来时①主语+ shall/ will be + done②主语+ am/ is/ are going to+be +done③主语+ am/is/are to +____________________________be_+done A football match is going to be held between China and France.中法之间将举行一场足球赛。Your job will be kept open for your return.你的工作将保留到你回来。________________过去将来时①主语+ would be+done②主语+ was/ were going to+be+done③主语+ was/were to+ be +done I knew the boy would be taken good care of there.我知道孩子在那里将会得到很好的照顾。She said she was going to be sent abroad.她说她将被派往国外。现在进行时A new teaching building is being built in our school.我们学_____________________________校正在兴建一栋新的教学楼。过去进行时主语+ am/ is/ are + being +done主语+ was/were+being+ done The road was being widened when I passed by the village.当我经_____________________________过那个村庄时，道路正在加宽。现在完成时主语+have/has been+ done The construction of the two new railway lines has been completed.两个新铁路线的建_____________________________设已完工。________________过去完成时 主语+ had been+done He told me that he had been admitted by a famous university.他告诉我他已被一所著名大_____________________________学录取。__________________情态动词主语+情态动词+ be+ done If heated，water can be turned into vapour.如果受热，水会____________________________变成蒸汽。_______________虚拟语气使用“be+done”的适当形式If I were given a second chance，I would work even harder.如果再给我一次机会，____________________________________________________________________________我会更加努力工作。

二、十大高频考点

1.一般现在时的被动语态

【典例】

（1）（2016·四川卷）The giant panda（love） by people throughout the world.

（4）（2014·大纲卷，单选改编）Unless some extra money（f nd），the theatre will close.

【解析】

（1）is loved。题干描述的是客观事实，主语是动作的承受者，故填一般现在时的被动语态。

（2）is equipped。空格处与主语之间是被动关系，结合空格后的语境可知，空格处应用一般现在时的被动语态。

（3）is called。主语是动作的承受者，结合语境可知，空格处应用一般现在时的被动语态。

（4）is found。主语“money”是动作的承受者，结合“主将从现”的原则可知，空格处应用一般现在时的被动语态。

2.一般过去时的被动语态

【典例】

（1）（2016·全国新课标卷Ⅰ）So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-prof t Panda Base， where ticket money helps pay for research. I（allow） to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.

（2）（2015·广东卷）He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby for other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what（leave）.

【解析】

（1）was allowed。主语是动作的承受者，且空格处是过去发生的动作，故用一般过去时的被动语态。

（2）was left。what与空格处之间是被动关系，结合空前的时态和语境可知，空格处应用一般过去时的被动语态。

（3）were told。主语“we”是动作的承受者，结合空后的过去完成时和语境可知，空格处应用一般过去时的被动语态。

3.一般将来时的被动语态

【典例】

（1）（2015·北京卷，单选改编）If accepted for the job，you（inform） soon.

（2）（2015·安徽卷，单选改编）It is reported that a space station（build）on the moon in years to come.

（3）（2015·四川卷，单选改编）More expressways（build） in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.

【解析】

（1）will be informed。主语“you”是动作的承受者，空格处是将要发生的动作，故用一般将来时的被动语态。

（2）will be built。主语“a space station”是承受者，根据空后的时间状语和语境可知，空格处是将来的动作，故用一般将来时的被动语态。

（3）will be built。主语“expressways”是动作的承受者，结合标志性状语“soon”和语境可知，空格处应用一般将来时的被动语态。

4.过去将来时的被动语态

【典例】

（1）（2007·天津卷，单选改编）He didn’t make it clear when and where the meeting（hold） the next day.

（2）Tom said that the science f ction_______（return）to the library the next Friday.

【解析】

（1）would be held。主语“meeting”是动作的承受者，且空格处是过去将要发生的动作，故空格处应用过去将来时的被动语态。

（2）would be returned。主语“science f ction”是动作的承受者，结合句尾的时间状语和语境可知，空格处应用过去将来时的被动语态。

5.现在进行时的被动语态

【典例】

（1）（2013·湖北卷·完成句子）It is reported in the newspaper that several new subway lines________（build）in Wuhan. 据报纸报道，武汉正在建设几条新的地铁线路。

（2）（2012·四川卷，单选改编）They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house（rebuild）.

（3）（2010·上海卷，单选改编）The church tower which（restore） will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost f nished.

【解析】

（1）are being built。空格处的动作正在进行，且主语是动作的承受者，故填现在进行时的被动语态。

（2）is being rebuilt。主语“their own house”是动作的承受者，空格处的动作正在进行，故填现在进行时的被动语态。

（3）is being restored。关系词which指代先行词“The church tower”，并在从句中作主语，且是动作的承受者，结合语境可知，空格处的动作正在进行，故用现在进行时的被动语态。

6.过去进行时的被动语态

【典例】

（1）（2012·安徽卷，单选改编）After school we went to the reading-room to do some reading，only to be told that it（decorate）.

（2）She felt very anxious while her husband_______（operate） on in the operating room.

【解析】

（1）was being decorated。主语“it”是动作的承受者，而空格处的动作在过去某时正在进行，故空格处用过去进行时的被动语态。

（2）was being operated。空格处的动作在过去某时正在进行，且主语“her husband”是动作的承受者，故填过去进行时的被动语态。

7.现在完成时的被动语态

【典例】

（1）（2016·上海卷）In recent years，stress（regard） as a cause of a whole range of medical problems，from high blood pressure to mental illness.

（2）（2015·天津卷，单选改编）Despite the previous rounds of talks，no agreement（reach） so far by the two sides.

（3）（2013·北京卷，单选改编）Shakespeare’s play Hamlet（make） into at least ten dif ferent films over the past years.

【解析】

（1）has been regarded。主语“stress”是动作的承受者，结合句首的标志性状语和语境可知，空格处填现在完成时的被动语态。

（2）has been reached。主语“agreement”是动作的承受者，结合标志性状语“so far”和语境可知，空格处应用现在完成时的被动语态。

（3）has been made。空格前的主语是动作的承受者，结合状语“over the past years”可知，空格处应用现在完成时的被动语态。

8.过去完成时的被动语态

【典例】

（1）（2016·全国新课标卷Ⅰ）On my recent visit，I held a lively three-month-old twin that________（reject） by its mother.

（2）（2015·湖北卷·完成句子）The professor was delighted to f nd that two thirds of the project（f nish） by the students independently. 教授高兴地发现学生们已独立完成了该项目三分之二的工作。

（3）（2011·北京卷，单选改编）Experiments of this kind（conduct） in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War.

【解析】

（1）had been rejected。关系代词that在从句中作主语，且是动作的承受者，空格处的动作发生在“held”之前，故空格处应填过去完成时的被动语态。

（2）had（already） been f nished。主语是动作的承受者，空格处是过去之前的动作，故用过去完成时的被动语态。

（3）had been conducted。主语是动作的承受者，且空格处的动作发生在“the Second World War”之前，即过去的过去，故空格处用过去完成时的被动语态。

9.情态动词的被动语态

【典例】

（1）（2016·全国新课标卷Ⅰ）However，it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must_______（change） frequently.

（2）（2016·全国新课标卷Ⅲ）Food in small pieces could________（eat）easily with twigs which gradually turned into chopsticks.

（3）（2016·全国新课标卷Ⅲ）Truly elegant chopsticks might（make） of gold and silver with Chinese characters.

【解析】

（1）be changed。在题干中，主语“codes”是动作的承受者，故空格处应用被动语态形式，be changed符合题意。

（2）be eaten。分析题干可知，主语“Food”是动作的承受者，故空格处应填写被动语态形式。

（3）be made。主语“Truly elegant chopsticks”是动作的承受者，故空格处应用被动语态形式。

10.虚拟语气的被动语态

【典例】

（1）If he_______（tell） that the meeting would be put off till Friday，he wouldn’t have gone to the meeting room yesterday.

（2）（2010·湖北卷）Mr. Johnson insisted that the problem worthy of attention________（discuss） at the meeting.

【解析】

（1）had been told。题干是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句的谓语动词应用“had done”，且空前的主语是动作的承受者，故填had been told。

（2）（should） be discussed。insisted意为“坚决要求”，所接的宾语从句应用虚拟语气形式，即“（should）do”，而宾语从句的主语“problem”是动作的承受者，故空格处应用被动语态形式。

三、高分技巧点拨

在对被动语态进行考查时，高考试题往往把其与其他考点融合起来，而与动词时态相结合是最常见的考查形式。针对这方面的试题，在推敲题干时，一方面需要分析好主语是否为动作的承受者，另一方面还需要对空格处所使用的时态种类细致分析，并结合好被动语态的相关句式，这样才能敲定答案。此外，高考还涉及情态动词、虚拟语气等被动语态的考查，在分析试题时，同样需要全面分析后才能下结论。

【专题训练】

1. In the spoken English of some areas in the US ，the“r”sounds at the end of the words_______（drop）.

2. So the questions must________（deal） with carefully，the same way you would handle any other hot potato.

3. The f rst Father’s Day________（celebrate） on June 19，1910.

4. It was with great joy that he received the news that his lost daughter________（f nd）.

5. It is reported that many a new house_______（build）at present in the disaster area.

6. We are conf dent that the environment_______（improve） by our further efforts to reduce pollution.

7. Had I known about this computer program ，a huge amount of time and energy would_______（save）.

8. We won’t start the work until all the preparations_______（make）.

9. To the customers’ satisfaction，teas of the same high quality_______（serve） in each shop every day.

10. In the last few years thousands of films________（produce） all over the world.

11. I’m so sorry，but sometimes the bus can_______（delay） for some reasons.

12. By the end of last year，another new gymnasium________（complete） in Beijing.

13. In the near future，more advances in the robot technology________（make） by scientists.

14. The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people________（persuade） to eat more fruit and vegetables.

15. The leader，f nding the rule unfair for women，suggested it________（ban）.

16. This coastal area_______（name） a national wildlife reserve last year.

17. Don’t worry. The hard work that you do now________（repay） later in life.

18. It’s a custom in China to have some tea or other drinks before the meal________（serve）.

19. I have to go to school by bus today because my bike_______（repair）.

20. At minus 130℃，a living cell can_______（preserve）for a thousand years.

【参考答案】1. are dropped 2. be dealt 3. was celebrated 4. had been found 5. is being built 6. will be improved 7. have been saved 8. have been made 9. are served 10. have been produced 11. be delayed 12. had been completed 13. will be made 14. are persuaded 15. be banned 16. was named 17. will be repaid 18. is served 19. is being repaired 20. be preserved

（作者单位：湖南省长沙县星沙中心学校）