籍万杰

七选五阅读不同于常规阅读理解题，它主要考查同学们对文章的整体内容和结构，以及上下文逻辑关联的理解和掌握。近五年全国卷的七选五阅读考查的体裁都是说明文，题目设置的考点可分为篇章主题句、段落主题句、承上启下句、段落总结句和篇章總结句这五种。下面结合高考真题，对这五种类型的题目进行归纳总结，希望对大家有所帮助。

[段落主题句]

根据说明文体裁的特点，如果空格位于段首，通常考查段落主题句。解题的方法是首先阅读其他段落主题句，确定可能使用的选项。然后再通读把握该段内容，注意备选项和段落中的原词复现、同义复现，锁定正确答案。

例1 （2016·全国卷II）

37

Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants， flowers， patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers（肥料）. 38 However， there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years.

解析 第37题空格位于段首，应为段落主题句。观察另一段的段落主题句是祈使句Recall（回忆） your childhood memories。七个选项中使用祈使句的有两个，分别是A. Know why you garden.和B. Find a good place for your own garden.。再通读该段，特别是however之后的部分there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. 可知，该段主要说明人们从事园艺的原因，故选A项。

第38题是承上启下句。由前面的Some people may think ... Others are concerned about ...可知此处表达的是人们对园艺的不同态度，而E. Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants与上文衔接自然，故选E项。

[篇章主题句]

说明文首段的末句一般是是全文的主题所在，说明本文将主题探讨哪些内容或对某一问题或现象给出建议，然后会在下文中以要点的形式进行呈现。如果首段的末句设空，则优先考虑是篇章主题句。

例2 （2014·北京卷）

Making good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation. A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of health information. Reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to find relevant information， how to separate fact from opinion， how to recognize poor reasoning， and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources. 71

解析 这是文章的第一段，大意是：作出好的健康选择需要合理评估。而合理评估的第一步是甄别信息来源。……