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不定代词考点梳理

2017-03-23徐圆

高中生学习·高二版 2017年3期
关键词:含义

徐圆

高考试题对不定代词的考查,主要在完形填空、语法填空和短文改错中体现。不定代词指代不特定的名词或形容词,可分为复合不定代词和兼作形容词的不定代词两类。

兼作形容词的不定代词的代表词汇有all,each,both,either,every,neither,one,none,little,few,many,much,other,another,some,any,no,(a) few,(a) little,both等,多数都能作主语、宾语、表语或定语。

复合不定代词由some-/any-/every-与-body/-one/-thing构成,如someone,somebody,something,anyone,anybody,anything,no one,none,nobody,nothing,everyone,everybody,everything,在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、补足语等。

1. both,all,either,neither,none,any

Its an either-or situation—we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we cant do both.

2. none,nothing,nobody/no one

none指人或物,意思相当于“no+前述名词”,可用于回答how many, how much的提问,后面可接of短语。

nothing指物,表示“什么东西都没有”,可回答what的提问,后面不能接of短语。

no one/nobody指人,表示“一个人也没有”,可回答who的提问,后面不能接of短语。

—If you dont mind, may I ask you how much money you have?

—Well, to be honest, I have none.

Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it.

It was a prison from which no one escaped.

3. any与every

“any+(单数、复数、不可数)名词”表示“(三个及以上中)任意一个”。

every+名词表示“(三个或三个以上中的)每一个”。

not any表示全部否定,而“not every+名词”表示部分否定。没有any ... not这样的用法。

注意:any可单独使用,而every不能单独使用,只能作定语。

Jane was asked a lot of questions, but she didnt answer any of them.

Little did he realize that we were watching his every move.

4. other,another,the other,others,the others

other是形容词,不能单独使用,必须与冠词或名词连用,或用others;

another=an+other,表示没有具体限定的、泛指的“另外一个”时用“another(+单数名词/数词+复数名词)”;

the other表示有具体限定的两者中的“另外那个/那些”,用the other(+单/复数名词);

others相当于“other+复数名词”,表示泛指其他的/别的人或物;

the others相当于“the other+复数名词”,表示有具体范围限定的“其他的人或物”。

To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the other.

Some people choose jobs for other reasons besides money these days.

Now lets move on to another topic. Do you follow me?

5. 全部否定與部分否定

all,both,everybody,everything以及“every+名词”表示全部肯定;

none,neither,no one,nobody,nothing,not ... any以及“no+名词”表示全部否定;

当表示全部肯定的句子中出现了not时,不管not在这些代词之前(not all/both/everybody,etc),还是在谓语动词(包括be动词)部分(all/both/everybody ... not),表示的都部分否定。另外,not与总括性的副词如always,wholly,altogether,everywhere等连用时也表示部分否定。如:

The smile does not always means that we are truly happy, however.

Not all cultures use the handshake for greeting.

6. many,much,a little,little,a few,few

这几个不定代词……

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