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阳性血培养瓶里“失踪”的肺炎链球菌

2017-03-18周世娟

中国当代医药 2017年3期

周世娟

[摘要]目的 探讨如何鉴定阳性血培养瓶里“失踪”的肺炎链球菌(Streptococcus pneumoniae,S.pn)。方法 采用靶向DNA测序(16S rRNA基因扩增)的方法最后鉴定出“失踪”的细菌。结果 “失踪”的细菌被鉴定为肺炎链球菌。结论 依据靶向DNA测序(16S rRNA基因扩增)鉴定可及时、准确鉴定出因自溶死亡的肺炎链球菌,启示微生物检验程序中血培养报阳后应立即涂片、转种平板,并结合血培养生长曲线、涂片染色结果作进一步的分析等,以提高血培养的阳性检出率,有利于减少漏报及误报的发生。

[关键词]16S rRNA;测序;肺炎链球菌;自溶

[中图分类号] R446.5 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721(2017)01(c)-0126-03

[Abstract] Objective To explore how to identify the disappeared Streptococcus pneumoniae in positive blood culture flask.Methods By targeted DNA sequencing (16S rRNA gene amplification),the disappeared bacterium was finally identified.Results The disappeared bacterium was identified as Streptococcus pneumoniae.Conclusion By targeted DNA sequencing (16S rRNA gene amplification) identification can detect the Streptococcus pneumoniae dead due to autolysis.It is indicated that in the process of bacteriological examination,smear and transmission to plate combined with growth curve and smear results of blood culture are performed right away after blood culture being positive.Together with growth curve of blood culture and outcomes of smear staining,further analysis is needed in order to increase positive detection rate of blood culture and reduce occurrence of report in fail and mistake.

[Key words]16S rRNA;Sequencing;Streptococcus pneumoniae;Autolysis

血流感染(blood stream infection,BSI)是一种严重的全身感染性疾病,包括菌血症和败血症,是致病菌或条件致病菌侵入血液中生长繁殖并释放毒素和代谢产物而引起的急性重症感染性疾病,其发病率和致死率都较高[1]。全球每年约发生200 000例BSI,病死率为20%~50%,是最严重的感染性疾病之一[2]。美国每年约有750 000例患者患血源性感染,导致215 000例死亡,是美国第十大死因,占总死亡人数的6%[3-4]。在儿童患者中,革兰阳性菌引起的BSI病毒死率达19.2%,革兰阴性菌引起的BSI病死率为45.2%,真菌菌血症则为35.8%。在医院感染中,BSI占15%,不仅延长了患者的住院时间,还增加了患者的经济负担[2]。

血培养是临床判断患者BSI的最重要依据[1]。所以实验室对阳性血培养瓶分离鉴定出病原菌,对临床感染性疾病的诊断起了决定性的作用。目前血培养病原菌的鉴定主要依赖转种分离得到纯菌后,才可进一步做细菌的鉴定。对于一些苛养菌、固体培养基不生长细菌的鉴定就比较困难,提高警惕,以防漏报、误报。……

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