邵若蘅++关飞++王梦醒+++赵丽萍

[摘要] 目的 分析社區婴幼儿口腔健康状况，探讨干预方法。 方法 选取2013年2月～2015年3月北京市丰台区万年花城社区婴幼儿503名，作为干预组，对其建立口腔健康档案，包括牙体情况、口腔黏膜及相关软组织结构、牙齿咬合、喂养习惯、口腔不良习惯等个体化资料。有针对性地进行家庭相关知识指导，进行早期疾病诊断，追踪1.5～2年。选取同社区同年龄入幼儿园的未建立档案儿童502名，作为对照组。比较两组婴幼儿家长的婴幼儿口腔健康知识知晓率，两组婴幼儿的患龋率、龋均数以及口腔不良习惯情况。 结果 干预前对照组婴幼儿家长的婴幼儿口腔健康知识知晓率为76.10%（382/502），干预组为76.93%（387/503），差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）；经过建档护理干预后，干预组婴幼儿家长的婴幼儿口腔健康知识知晓率上升为86.08%（433/503），对照组为71.71%（361/502），差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。在口腔疾病方面，研究初期两组婴幼儿的患龋率、龋均数均为0，差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）；经过建档护理干预后，干预组婴幼儿的患龋率为30.02%（151/503），龋均为0.62，对照组婴幼儿的患龋率为43.03%（216/502），龋均为0.98；干预组婴幼儿的患龋率、龋均数均明显低于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（均P < 0.05）。在口腔不良习惯方面，进行护理干预后，干预组存在口腔不良习惯的婴幼儿比例为17.10%（86/503），对照组为32.07%（161/502），干预组的不良习惯出现率明显低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。 结论 采用建立档案管理的方式可以明显降低婴幼儿口腔疾病的发生率，改善婴幼儿的口腔健康状况，具有积极意义。

[关键词] 婴幼儿；口腔健康；档案管理

[中图分类号] R780.1 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210（2017）01（b）-0066-04

Analysis and intervention of oral health status of infants in community

SHAO Ruoheng GUAN Fei WANG Mengxing ZHAO Liping LI Yuehua

Department of Stomatology， Children's Hospital， Capital Institute of Pediatrics， Beijing 100020， China

[Abstract] Objective To analyze the oral health status of infants in community， and explore the intervention method. Methods 503 cases of infants in Wannianhuacheng Community of Fengtai District in Beijing City from February 2013 to March 2015 were selected as the intervention group， and their individual oral health records including dental conditions， oral mucosa and the related soft tissue structure， teeth， feeding habits， oral habits were established. The guidance of family related knowledge was carried out， and diagnosed the disease in early stage. All infants were followed up for 1.5 to 2 years. 502 cases of children in same age as the infants of intervention group were selected as the control group in kindergarten， who didn't have oral health records. The infant oral health knowledge awareness rate of parents， the caries rate and DMFT and bad oral habits were compared between the two groups. Results Before the intervention， the infant oral health knowledge awareness rate of parents in the control group was 76.10%（382/502）， which in the intervention group was 76.93% （387/503）， there was no significant difference （P > 0.05）. After filing nursing intervention， the infant oral health knowledge awareness rate of parents in the intervention group elevated to 86.08% （433/503）， which in the control group was 71.71% （361/502）， there was a significant difference （P < 0.05）. In terms of oral diseases， at the beginning of the study， the caries rate and DMFT in infants of the two groups were 0， there was no statistical significance （P > 0.05）. After filing nursing intervention， the caries rate was 43.03% （216/502） and DMFT was 0.98 in the control group， which was 30.02% （151/503） and 0.62 respectively in the intervention group， the caries rate and DMFT in the intervention group were significantly lower than those in the control group， the differences were statistical significance （P < 0.05）. In field of bad oral habits， after the nursing intervention， the rate of bad oral habits in the intervention group was 17.10% （86/503）， and the control group was 32.07% （161/502）， the rate of bad oral habits in the intervention group was significantly lower than that of the control group， and the difference was statistical significance （P < 0.05）. Conclusion Establishing the oral health records to manage the oral health status of infants can significantly reduce the incidence of oral diseases in infants， and significantly improve their oral health status， which has a positive significance.

[Key words] Infants； Oral health； Records management

WHO对109个国家12岁儿童牙齿健康状况进行调查研究，指出当今世界儿童的牙齿状况仍然不容乐观，因此，建议各国制订和推广有效的预防政策和方案。我国近年来对婴幼儿口腔疾病的相关因素和疾病的早期干预多有研究，得出口腔健康早期干预是一项重要措施[1]。与发达国家相比，社会大众对婴幼儿口腔保健认知程度不高，甚至一些非口腔专业的其他领域医护人员对儿童口腔相关疾病的预防、健康习惯的养成、儿童口腔患病后病情進展对相关生长发育的影响既缺乏概念也不够重视[2]。因……