以家庭为基础的多组分环境干预对儿童哮喘预防及管理的有效性研究
2017-03-18易先丽卢欣王晓艳
易先丽+卢欣++王晓艳
[摘要] 环境因素在儿童哮喘的发生与发展中扮演着不可忽视的角色,不仅对儿童呼吸系统的生长发育造成不利影响,还会加重哮喘的临床症状,因此对环境的有效控制在哮喘的治疗与管理中意义重大。本文阐述了以家庭为基础的多组分环境干预对儿童哮喘预防及管理的效果,通过多种途径对居家环境进行整治和改变,有效减少居家环境中的过敏原和刺激物,降低哮喘的发病率,减少哮喘对儿童健康的影响。
[关键词] 儿童哮喘;居家环境;干预;预防管理
[中图分类号] R562.25 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2017)01(b)-0049-05
Research on the efficacy of home-based multicomponent environmental intervention for the prevention and management of childhood asthma
YI Xianli LU Xin WANG Xiaoyan
Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110004, China
[Abstract] The environmental factors play an important role in the occurrence and development of children's asthma, not only affect the growth and development of children's respiratory system, but also increase the clinical symptoms of asthma. Therefore, the effective control of the environment is of great significance in the treatment and management of asthma. This paper expounds the effect of family based multiple environmental intervention on the prevention and management of childhood asthma, remediation and changes to the home environment through a variety of ways, effectively reduce allergens and irritants in the home environment, decrease the incidence of asthma, lessen the impact of asthma on children health.
[Key words] Childhood asthma; Home environment; Intervention; Prevention and management
哮喘是目前全球最常见的且治疗费用較高的慢性疾病之一。全球哮喘防治创议委员会(global initiative for asthma,GINA)指出,全球有3亿人正受到哮喘的困扰,影响着1/3以上的儿童[1],严重危害儿童的健康。在美国,少数民族儿童比非少数民族儿童的哮喘紧急救治率要高出200%,且哮喘患者的整体住院率和医疗费用都比较高[2]。由于医疗资源和家庭的影响,有很大一部分儿童哮喘预防及管理不佳。此外,儿童哮喘的病程持续时间长,对患儿及家属生活质量影响较大,同时也是儿童缺课的主要原因。据统计在2003年美国有1280万天与哮喘相关的旷课记录[3]。由此看来,由哮喘所带来的损失不仅仅是巨额的医疗花费,也包括因哮喘而错失的工作及上学时间,患儿及家属下降的生活质量。
美国行为风险因素监测系统(behavioral risk factor surveillance system,BRFSS)调查显示,哮喘患者普遍生活质量较低,其中有18%的哮喘患者其健康评价整体较差[4]。……
