阿布来克·尼牙孜+杜润清+章世奎+阿曼古丽·吾斯曼+廖康

摘 要：试验以引进的3个甜樱桃品种‘早大果、‘红灯和‘拉宾斯为研究试材，以南疆地方品种‘喀什壶汗为参照，观察和测定了4个樱桃品种的枝叶生长特性、物候期、果实产量和品质等指标。结果表明：南疆地方樱桃品种‘喀什壶汗的成活率（93%）高于3个引进甜樱桃品种，三者中‘拉宾斯的成活率最高为87%。3个樱桃品种的生长量大于‘喀什壶汗。‘喀什壶汗稍生长期和开花进程均早于3个引进甜樱桃品种，成熟期和落叶期则较晚。研究认为，‘拉宾斯能够较好地适应南疆的气候环境。

关键词：甜樱桃；喀什壶汗；引种表现

中图分类号：S662.5 文献标识码：A DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2017.02.023

Abstract： For the purpose of collection， preservation and promotion of sweet cherry resources， the growth characteristics， phenology， fruit yield and quality of the 3 introduced sweet cherry cultivars as 'Zaodaguo'， 'Hongdeng' and 'Labinsi'， and of the local cherry cultivars as 'Kashihuhan' were observed and compared. The results showed that the survival rate in local cherry cultivar 'Kashihuhan' （93%） was higher than that of the introduced 3 sweet cherry varieties， in which the survival rate of 'Labinsi' was the highest （87%）. The growth of 3 introduced cherry varieties was higher than that of the local cherry cultivar 'Kashihuhan'. The shoot growth and flowering process of the 'Kashihuhan' were earlier than that of the 3 introduced cherry varieties， but the mature and deciduous period of 'Kashihuhan' were a little later than that of the 3 introduced cherry varieties. Summary， the 'Labinsi' is more suitable to promotion in South Xinjiang.

Key words： sweet cherry； Kashihuhan； introduction performance

甜樱桃（Cerasus avium （L.） Moench.）又名欧洲甜樱桃、大樱桃，属于蔷薇科（Rosaceae），李属（Prunus），樱桃亚属（Cerasus），原产于欧洲黑海沿岸和亚洲西部[1]。甜樱桃果个较大、果实艳丽、酸甜可口、风味浓郁，有极高的经济价值。果树所处的生态环境对果树的生长发育有着重要的影响，果树的生态适应性是决定果树引种是否成功的一个关键因素[2]。试验品种的引种地山东泰安属于温带大陆性半湿润季风气候区，而试验地新疆轮台县属于暖温带大陆性干旱气候区。两个地区在冬季气温和全年降水量上存在较大差异。引种后，随着3个樱桃品种在轮台县生态环境的适应，它们的营养生长及结果特性也发生了相应的变化。对3个引进樱桃品种‘早大果、‘红灯、‘拉宾斯和南疆地方品种‘喀什壶汗营养生长及结果特性的研究，有助于了解3个引进品种与南疆地方品种生物学特性之间的差异和引种后3个品种生长特性的变化，可为樱桃引种的生态适应性研究提供理论依据。……