大连市第二十四中学　胡颖

2017年《考试大纲》和《考试说明》与2016年比较起来，考试形式与试卷结构没有太大变化。词汇量要求仍然是3,500词。试卷由四个部分组成。第一、二部分和第三部分的第一节为选择题。第三部分的第二节和第四部分为非选择题。辽宁省听力部分不计入总分。最后总分为120×1.25=150分。

高考试卷主要考查学生的英语语言知识和语言运用能力。语言知识部分重点考查学生对考试大纲中所列出的各项内容，包括语音项目、语法项目、功能意念项目、话题项目和词汇的了解和掌握情况。语言运用部分则以听力、阅读理解和写作等方式考查学生的综合语用能力。

基于2017年的《考试大纲》和《考试说明》，详细谈谈英语试卷各部分题目的考查重点及注意事项，对于下一步的备考提出一些建议。

一、听力部分

该部分要求学生听懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短对话和独白。考生应能理解对话和独白的主旨和要义，有时需要进行归纳和概括；能获取事实性的具体信息，如时间、地点、人物等，这一点常常是听力部分的重点考查项目；能对所听内容作出简单推断，这也是听力部分要考查的重点项目；能理解说话者的意图、观点和态度，有时需要听者进行推断。

例题（2016年全国卷）

20.Where probably is the speaker?

A.In a park.

B.In a hotel.

C.In a shopping center.

听力原文：

W:I hope I've given you a clear idea of the schedule for your London weekend，and before I finish，let me just give you some advice which shouldmakeyourstaymoreenjoyable.Firstly，please do remember to put on some comfortable shoes...And secondly，let me ask you to please look after your money...You'll find a copy of your weekend schedule in your room.Take a look at it，andmakesureyou'reclearabouteverything.Well，that's all from me for now.Go and leave your luggage in your rooms.I'll be seeing you here again in fifteen minutes.Goodbye for now!

【答案】B

【考查重点】此题考查根据所听内容推断出相关信息的能力，是听力理解能力的重要构成部分，因而也是听力部分要考查的重点项目。听力材料的前半部分能推断出是导游对游客们的讲话，后半部分则推断出讲话者所在之处。

二、阅读理解部分

阅读是我国考生学习和使用外语的最主要途径，因此阅读理解一直都在高考英语试卷中占权重较大。该部分要求考生熟悉考纲词汇，读懂有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料。主要考查以下能力：

1.理解主旨和要义

常用设题形式：

（1）The passage is mainly about____.

（2）What's the purpose of the passage?

（3）What can be a suitable title for the text?

每篇文章都会有一个主旨要义。有时从文章的第一个段落，甚至第一个句子即可得出文章的主旨要义。有时，作者没有明示文章的主旨要义，需要读者从文章的字里行间进行归纳和概括。该题型是考生得分率较低的一个题型，主要是往往只关注了一些细节信息，没能总揽全文。要记住：太细节化的信息或过于绝对、过于笼统的选项都不是正确的答案。

例1（2016年全国卷）

Reading can be a social activity.Think of the people who belong to book groups.They choose books toreadandthenmeettodiscussthem.Now，the website BookCrossing.com turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group.

Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share.BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book.Then the person leaves it in a public place，hoping that the book will have an adventure，traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.

BrucePederson，themanagingdirectorof BookCrossing， says，“The two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read.BookCrossing combines both.”

Members leave books on park benches and buses，in train stations and coffee shops.Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.

Peoplewhofindabookcanalsoleavea journal entry describing what they thought of it.E-mails are then sent to the BookCrossing to keep them updated about where their books have been found.Bruce Pederson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home.

BookCrossing is part of a trend among people who want to get back to the“real” and not the virtual（虚拟）.The site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirtyfive countries.

32.What is the best title for the text?

A.Online Reading:A Virtual Tour

B.Electronic Books:A new Trend

C.A Book Group Brings Tradition Back

D.A Website Links People through Books

【答案】D

【解析】该篇文章则需考生在通读全文的基础上进行归纳和概括才能得出正确答案。其他三个选项中均含有文章中提及的词汇，造成不同程度的干扰，需仔细甄别。

2.理解文中具体信息

常用设题形式：

（1）According to the passage， why/what/where/how/when...?

（2）Which of the following statements is true/not true?

（3）Choosetherightorderofthefollowing events in the passage.

具体信息有时可以直接从文章中获取，有时则需要进行归纳、概括和推断后才能得到。做细节理解题时，学生常犯的错误是脱离文本、凭借自己的主观经验去选择；错误理解题目的要求；忽略一些固定的用法等。

例 2Of all things， dismiss the egotism（自大）from your conversation，and never think of entertaining people with your own personal concerns，or private affairs.Though they are interesting to you，they are impolite and uninteresting to everybodyelse.Besidesthat，onecannotkeep one's own private affairs too secret.Whatever you think your own excellencies may be，do not show them in company，nor take the trouble， as many people do，to give that to the conversation.

What is the author's opinion of private affairs?

A.One shouldn't keep his own private affairs secret.

B.One'sprivateaffairscansurelyentertain others.

C.One can talk with other people about his interesting private affairs.

D.One should keep his private affairs as secret as possible.

【答案】D

【解析】根据 one cannot keep one's own private affairs too secret.得出答案。意思是：怎么保守自己的隐私都不过分。此题易错选A。意为：不要太保守自己的隐私。一些学生对固定说法cannot...too“怎么做……也不过分”记忆不牢，造成错选。

3.根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义

常用设题形式：

（1）The underlined word/phrase “____”in the third paragraph means____.

（2）Which of the following is closest to the meaning of the underlined word“____”in the last paragraph?

（3） The underlined word“____”in the fourth paragraph refers to____.

……

不使用词典而通过阅读上下文来推断词语含义的能力，是一个合格的读者必须具备的能力，因此也是阅读理解部分经常考查的一种能力。这类题要求考生紧扣上下文语境，利用同义词、反义词、近义词、构词法、常识等知识进行判断，切不可望文生义。

例3Countries that plan to combat global warming by planting trees may have to think again.Solutions to environmental problems are often more complex than they first appear，and understanding the Earth's climate is a very great challenge.

The underlined word“combat” in the paragraph means____.

A.give upB.live with

C.learn aboutD.fight against

【答案】D

【解析】根据常识我们知道，目前各国都在试图解决地球变暖的问题，下文又提到解决环境问题的方法，因此可以推断出用fight against，表示与地球变暖作斗争，符合句意。

4.根据所读内容作出判断和推理

常用设题形式：

（1）We can infer from the passage that____.

（2）What can we conclude from the passage?

（3）From the underlined sentence we can infer that____.

……

考生需要根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推测作者未明确提到的事实或某事件的发展趋势等，这也是阅读理解部分重点考查的能力之一。考生切忌主观臆断，以自己的看法取代作者的观点。

例4Liang's students are all from South Korea.Agedfrom14to25yearsold，theyare studying hard in order to go to university in China.

“Nowadays there is a lot of competition to find good jobs in South Korea.Having a diploma from a well-known Chinese university such as TsinghuaorPekingUniversitycanreallyimprove your chances，” she explained.

Liang has about three hours of teaching every day with a salary of about 5，000 yuan per month.She says she enjoys every minute she spends with herstudents.“Thejobgivesmeasenseof achievement，” she said. “Imagine you had listened to your teacher for 18 years but now you are the one standing in front of class，” she joked. “The fact that they all listen to you is great.”

We can infer that Liang is____from the passage.

A.a career womanB.a housewife

C.a scientistD.a successful writer

【答案】A

【解析】从文章最后一段描述了Liang对工作的满足，可推断出她是个事业型的女人。

5.七选五解题步骤

（1）通读整篇文章，把握整体脉络，抓住文章的中心。

（2）阅读7个选项内容，通过阅读有可能找出跟文章主旨没有任何关系的句子，这样或许可以直接将该选项排除。

（3）再看设空位置，有标题句、段首句、段中句和段末句，位置不同句式特点也不同。

（4）找前后的信息线索。由于七选五空出的是整个句子，而这些句子与句子之间，必然有一种联系，因此我们可以通过选项中某个名词、动词及代词等跟空前或空后的一致性或者相关性来确定这两个句子之间有一种关联性，尤其要注意前后句的主语是否一致，从而选择正确的答案。

（5）将预选答案填入空内，整体阅读，调整答案。

例5...Depending on the size of a paper，there may be a sports editor， a business editor， or an arts editor.____Once all the stories are written，they are given to a copy editor，who corrects any mistakes and fits the articles into the newspaper's format（版式）....

A.On a small weekly paper，an editor may cover two or more of these areas.

B.The make-up editor，with the managing editor，usually decides how the paper will look.

【答案】A

【解析】根据第一句话，关键词是size。a small weekly paper对应的是size。另一重要线索是these areas， 对应的是 a sports editor， a business editor，or an arts editor。易错选B。虽然前后都有editor这个词，但此处不是在解释每个职位的职责，而且B与下句连接不上。

备考建议：读全文，识大意，辨析选项看含义；关键词，找联系，逻辑关系要紧密；定选项，带入译，错项筛除莫忘记。注意提升三项语篇微技能：能够理解段落大意；分析和理解文章和段落之间的逻辑关系；理解文章句子间的逻辑关系（如并列、递进、指代）。了解7个备选句子分为：主题句（段落大意）、过渡性句子（段落间的逻辑关系）和注释性句子（句子间的逻辑关系）。学会识别干扰项：主题句过于宽泛或以偏概全或脱离主题，过渡句不能反映段落间的逻辑关系，注释性句子与上下文脱节。

三、完形填空部分

完形填空题立足语篇，集词语辨析、词的用法及搭配、语法搭配、局部语境把握、整体语篇理解于一体，不但要求考生具备扎实的基础知识和必要的常识，还要求考生具备较强的分析理解和逻辑推理能力，主要考查学生综合运用英语的能力。做完形填空题必须注意研究上下文的语境，把握整个语篇的逻辑关系，多数答案基本上都能从上下文中找到提示点。

完形填空部分也是考生感觉最有难度的一部分，故在本文中将占较大篇幅。

1.语言知识方面的考查

（1）词汇知识的考查

对词汇的考查侧重于通过上下文语境进行合理的推断和猜测，选出正确答案给文章“完义”，要求考生对词义掌握要准确，尤其注意一词多义及某些固定搭配，重点考查动词和名词，同时兼顾形容词、副词、代词、介词和体现篇章结构的连词。

例1Angela was all smiles and54the news to Amy and Daniel.“You'reamazing，”smiled Daniel to Angela as he thought how close they came to having a less than perfect dance.

54.A.showedB.wroteC.brokeD.read

【答案】C

【解析】break the news“透漏消息”。部分考生只了解break的 “折断”“打碎”等义，而不了解break the news这一固定搭配中“透漏”这一词义。

例2The shy， quiet freshman achieved success that year.I was48in theprogram as“Student Art Assistant” because of the time and effort I'd put in.It was that year that I realized I wanted to spend the rest of my life doing stage design.

48.A.introducedB.recognized

C.identifiedD.considered

【答案】B

【解析】因为自己的努力和付出，在那次活动中作者成为大家公认的“学生艺术助理”。考生易错选A项，因为忽视了全文语境：作者在老师鼓励下尝试搞舞台设计，并通过不断努力越做越好，因而得到大家认可，并非以某种身份被介绍。同时因为只知道recognize有“认出”的意思，不知道还有“认可”“表彰”的意思。

备考建议：一轮复习时对于考纲词汇尤其是高频词汇的词义要复习得全面准确。做题时应注意词不离句，句不离文，平时注意词汇方面的积累以及其在特定语境中的含义。

例3On that day， more than 300 people 28.Over three days we collected about 6，000 pounds of trash.It was amazing how much we were able to overcome.I couldn't believe the difference we made-the park looked clean!

28.A.dropped outB.showed up

C.looked aroundD.called back

【答案】B

【解析】show up “出现、到场”。

备考建议：动词短语的考查也是重点，同时也是考生需要突破的难点。

例4The happiest people don't53have the best of everything;they just54the best of everything they have.

53.A.necessarilyB.completely

C.naturallyD.frequently

54.A.learnB.makeC.favorD.Try

【答案】AB

【解析】53题：not necessarily“未必，不一定非得”；54 题：make the best of“充分利用”。 部分考生词语搭配掌握不准，缺乏积累，而错选CD。

备考建议：完形所给选择项一般为一个单词，而且每小题的四个选项为同一词类，或属同一范畴。错误选项的词一般都能与空格前或后的词语相搭配，有很大的干扰性和迷惑性。要求学生从全文整体上理解语境，明辨词语的习惯用法，分析词汇间细微区别，掌握一词多义、旧词新义，注意固定短语及固定搭配的积累。

（2）语法知识的考查

例5Everywhere， there were the paper remains of38fireworks lying on the ground.Little boys lit more and covered their ears as they waited excitedly for the explosions.

38.A.burningB.usedC.explodingD.broken

【答案】B

【解析】remains“遗留物”，故应是燃过的烟花，应选 used。

备考建议：部分考生未能很好把握语境，又对现在分词与过去分词作定语时在时间上的区别掌握不好，因而错选A或C。平时要夯实基础语法知识，才能根据语境运用自如。

（3）常识知识和灵活运用能力的考查

阅读量小面窄，缺乏常识，灵活运用能力差会成为正确答题的障碍。

例6Well， less than a week after my arrival in Manila，I was already carpeted with a43of mosquito bites.I took many measures to keep myself from being bitten，but they all proved useless.

43.A.shadeB.pileC.cloudD.blanket

【答案】D

【解析】a blanket of“厚厚的一层东西”，此处使用引申词义，形象地说明了“我被蚊子咬得遍身是伤”。部分考生不能体会上文carpet及选项blanket活用后的含义“盖上厚厚的一层”与“厚厚的一层……”，故错选B。

例7We were also told to remain in our seats meanwhile with our seat belts fastened because there might be a few bumps.Well，that few minutes turned into about forty-five minutes，including a ride that would make a roller coaster（过山车）26by comparison.

26.A.lightB.paleC.easyD.quick

【答案】B

【解析】pale by comparison“相形见绌，黯然失色”。飞机因遭遇强风剧烈颠簸，造成乘客极度的不舒适，过山车相比之下都黯然失色。考生知道pale可指脸色苍白，不知还有相比之下逊色之意，导致误选C。

备考建议：平时加大阅读量，注意题材要广泛多样，提高知识储备，积累丰富地道的表达方式。

2.答题技能方面的考查

完形填空题的产生是基于德国格式塔心理学家关于“场”的理论。他主张“整体大于部分”。考生应从文章内容，行文逻辑，文章结构，词语斟酌上下工夫，加强对片段和通篇文章的理解，尤其注意上下文的线索和提示，而不要只盯着要填空的那一句。

（1）考查局部语境理解能力

下面是一篇完形当中的第一段：

例8The ancient Greeks always had a desire to win and were1to have a strong idea of“competition” or“contest”.The final Greek2 was to be the best.All aspects of life，especially athletics，were centered around this3.It was therefore considered one of the greatest4to win a victory at Olympia.The5that the only prize given at Olympia was olive wreath6this point.The athletes7for honor，not for material8.

1.A.thought ofB.believed

C.regardedD.needed

2.A.hopeB.wishC.deathD.goal

3.A.matterB.ideaC.theoryD.thought

4.A.happinessB.pleasuresC.deedsD.honors

5.A.prizeB.reasonC.factD.hero

6.A.givesB.bringsC.takesD.shows

7.A.foughtB.competedC.ranD.completed

8.A.needsB.medalsC.goldD.results

【答案】BDBDCDBA

【解析】其中第3题的答案可在第一句“...have a strong idea of...”中找到线索，第4题的提示则在下文也就是本段最后一句“The athletes competed for honor...当中。本段中学生易错的是第3题和第4题，干扰项词义相近为原因之一，更重要的是没有在通读整段后注意上下文的提示与线索，也就是说没能掌握完形填空的重要技巧之一——瞻前顾后，只重单句而不重全文。

例9...being with people from whom you cannot get away might be even harder than being alone....Will there be special problems of adjustment under such conditions?...They have found that the longer the voyage lasts，the more serious the problem of48is...”Apparently， although no one wants to be51all the time，everyone needs some degree of privacy.

48.A.fuelB.entertainment

C.adjustmentD.health

51.A.noisyB.aloneC.personalD.sociable

【答案】CB

【解析】48题答案 adjustment及51题答案alone都是在上文中原词出现过。部分考生没注意把握本段脉络，又未注意到 although这一连词所决定的上下文逻辑，从而导致误选。

（2）考查整体语境理解能力

例10Yesterday our teacher asked us when a man could be referred as an old man.David stood up and said...However，Mary didn't...Lily expressed her idea that...This time，Emily expressed...

The26has reminded me of the saying of Barrymore that a man isn't old as long as he is 27something.

...

So if we have our dreams and seek for them，we aren't old.It's when we don't know what we want and let40be the center point of our lives that we can finally be regarded as the old.

26.A.embarrassmentB.obstacle

C.questionD.confusion

27.A.preservingB.seeking

C.treasuringD.possessing

40.A.achievementsB.regrets

C.dreamsD.difficulties

【答案】CBB

【解析】40 题答案 regrets，“遗憾，悔恨”。 纵观整体语境，文章开头关于什么时候应算是进入老年，各执己见有争议。中间段落举实例说明年老与否与躯体外在表现无关，而与心态和是否一直有梦想、有追求相关。最后升华主题，如果让遗憾后悔充斥生活才真正是衰老的表现。全文整体语境决定了最佳答案。

备考建议：近年来，完形填空重点挖掘语言的深层化及语境化，逐渐摒弃单纯的语法结构考查，这就大大地增加了干扰项的迷惑性，因此考生只有借助上下文乃至全文的语境启示或限定，善于运用逻辑推理能力，才能准确作出判断。

（3）考查整体篇章把握能力

完形填空通常无标题，考生应注重首句，总领全文。完形填空的首句一般不设题，这就为我们理解文章的内在联系提供了一个“窗口”，它的句意往往为全文提供了中心信息，体现主旨。

例11Another person's enthusiasm was what set me moving toward the success I have achieved.That person was my stepmother.

...What power53has!When that power is released to support the certainty of one's purpose and is54strengthened by faith，it becomes an irresistible（不可抗拒的）force which poverty and temporary defeat can never55.

53.A.enthusiasmB.sympathy

C.fortuneD.confidence

54.A.deliberatelyB.happily

C.traditionallyD.constantly

55.A.winB.matchC.reachD.doubt

【答案】ADB

【解析】透过首句已基本能预测文章内容：继母对作者的热情使他获得了今天的成就。53题enthusiasm，回扣文章开头，首尾呼应，体现了完形的特点和规律。部分考生缺少“瞻前顾后，上下求索，左顾右盼”等做完形填空题的技巧，导致误选。

例12Wouldn't it be great if we didn't havetorememberpasswords everagain?Ifwe could just sit...rather than using a22.All you need is a webcam and your pretty face to23 yourPC....Ifoundthistypeof25already available to consumers via a relatively26application called FaceCode.The27requires the use of...

22.A.faceB.password

C.softwareD.system

23.A.accessB.connect

C.recognizeD.remember

25.A.computerB.technology

C.passwordD.application

26.A.independentB.infrequent

C.inexpensiveD.instant

27.A.accountB.consumer

C.designerD.software

【答案】BABCD

【解析】考生通过考题首句关键词passwords即可预测出本文将围绕电脑网络展开。正确答案中password， access，technology，software 皆与此主题密切相关，其中22题答案 password在文中出现四次，贯穿全文。部分考生未能充分利用首句“顺藤摸瓜”，导致错选。

备考建议：考生应该充分重视首句的标示作用，利用它了解文章的背景、概况，为解题找到一个突破口，据此展开思维，争取开局制胜。

对整体篇章把握能力的考查还常主要集中在对结构连接词 but，so，while，or 等的正确运用能力的考查。

（4）考查立足语篇层面的推理判断能力

例13I was once a seller for Chevrolet dealerships...The general manager's wife Cindy was always very36，treating me like I was below her...Just trying to42be impolite， without cause，she43me in front of all her colleague that day.

However，insteadofbeing44atbeing looked down upon，I went to a florist's and45 almost$100 in red roses and had them put in a nice basket.I46a card，and stated that I was sorry for the47and that I did not ever have the48of making her angry.

…

This woman began to change...It was actually so nice to see Cindy's whole way of being change with me.She was always very kind，and would always have a big smile when I walked into her office.

I guess people can change with a little bit of kindness!

36.A.activeB.curiousC.rudeD.polite

42.A.naturallyB.quickly

C.continuallyD.anxiously

43.A.praisedB.blamed

C.pushedD.corrected

44.A.surprisedB.excitedC.angryD.sad

45.A.boughtB.plantedC.soldD.borrowed

46.A.made outB.picked out

C.looked throughD.took off

47.A.mistakeB.words

C.misunderstandingD.accident

48.A.intentionB.mind

C.choiceD.courage

【答案】CCBCABCA

【解析】本文主要讲述作者面对爱找茬的经理人没有正面冲突，以自己独特的方式感动了对方，取得了极佳的效果。考生在47题上易错选A或D，没有依据篇章进行必要的推理判断，误把经理夫人一面之词的责备当成作者真的犯了过失，正确答案应为misunderstanding，认为双方存在沟通上的误解。

备考建议：完形填空重在玩义，并要求罩住文章主旨进行推理判断，不能根据局部语境或者根据片面内容断章取义。

四、语法填空部分

“语法填空”题在一篇200词左右的语言材料中留出10个空白，部分空白的后面括号内给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文篇章语义之间的逻辑关系、自己的语言知识以及生活常识填写空白处所需的内容或所给单词的正确形式，使填充后的短文结构合理，意义连贯，语法正确。所给语言材料的形式可能是对话也可能是短文。“语法填空”旨在考查考生在具体语境中运用语法知识的能力，所有考点均是中学英语教学中常用的基础知识和重点内容。它比原来的单项填空题提供的语境更为完整，更加强调语篇意识。考生要格外注意答题要求：题目要求“在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式”。

本题要求考生在正确理解文章主旨大意的基础上，特别关注文章微观语境中的词语、句子与整个篇章结构之间的联系，以考查考生关于英语语言知识的实际运用能力，尤其是关于名词、动词、副词、连词、形容词、代词、介词等的使用以及时态语态、动词的非谓语形式、比较级、复合句等相关语法知识的正确应用。该题型的难度应趋于平稳。

精练模拟：

When I am asked to think back on my most memorable meal，it is very easy to recall.It was in Paris，61a cold December day.I must have been in62early twenties，traveling with my friends.We were63（run） out of money and as a result，we ate a lot of hot dogs and food sold on the street.One day we wanted to eat in a sitdown restaurant.Of course，having very little money， we had to be64（care）where we ate.We found a restaurant with a sign65（say） it served allthenoodlesyoucouldeat!Wewerevery hungry so we decided to take advantage of this opportunity.Freshly showered and66（dress） for our night out，we entered the restaurant.When the main course arrived，it was extraordinary.A huge bowl of67（steam）noodles and chicken was set in the middle of the table.We served ourselves and ate.As soon as we68（finish）， the waiter removed the bowl and before we could speak，replaced it69another!We declined dessert even though our waiter insisted we70（have）some.We returned to our hotel， happy， with full stomachs and wonderful memories.

（答案：61.on62.my63.running64.careful 65.saying66.dressed67.steaming68.finished 69.with70.have）

五、短文改错部分

该部分考查考生在阅读理解短文的基础上发现并纠正包括词法、句法、行文逻辑等类型错误的能力。短文改错对于语法基础较好的学生，相对来说是比较容易拿分的。经常考查的是：根据上下文正确使用动词（包括时态和语态）、名词的单复数、冠词、代词、形容词、副词、介词、连词等语言项目的能力。熟悉命题的思路，加以适当的训练，在短时间内也可以得到较快的提高。

六、书面表达部分

该部分要求考生能准确使用语法和词汇。应用语法结构和词汇的准确程度是写作部分评分标准的一项重要内容。因此，考生在备考时要认真梳理复习语言知识，力求输出时精准。紧紧围绕写作主题，使用合适的句型、词组等，清楚、连贯地表达自己的思想。丰富有效的输入决定着高质量的输出，建议考生备考时坚持阅读，摘录优美地道的表达方式，保证鲜活的语言输入。同时坚持背诵名篇佳作，赏析其如何谋篇布局、衔接过渡、选择语言，提高自己的写作水平。