非充分灌溉下精量灌溉决策方法研究
2017-02-16张育斌魏正英张磊张帅周瑞
张育斌+魏正英+张磊+张帅+周瑞



摘 要: 针对我国干旱半干旱地区节水灌溉中需要动态调节的问题,提出在灌溉决策中考虑非充分灌溉因素,运用Jensen乘法模型建立“灌水?收益”的数学模型,采用遗传算法、基于SQP算法和基于有效集算法的fmincon函数求解模型,以宝鸡峡灌区冬小麦为例,验证所建模型的准确性及求解方法的可行性,对比计算结果发现,基于SQP算法的fmincon函数运算结果最优,相对遗传算法其灌溉收益提高3%,运行时间降低60%,稳定性优异,并使用该算法进行了非充分优化灌溉下的决策系统设计。
关键词: 非充分灌溉; 序列二次规划算法; 决策; 灌水?收益模型
中图分类号: TN876?34; TP312 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1004?373X(2017)01?0115?04
Abstract: Since the dynamic adjustment is needed by the water?saving irrigation in arid and semi?arid regions, the ″irrigation?income″ mathematical model established by Jensen multiplication model taking into consideration of the deficit irrigation factor in irrigation decision?making is proposed. The genetic algorithm and fmincon function solving model based on SQP algorithm and active set algorithm are used to verify the accuracy of the established model and the feasibility of the solving method by taking the winter wheat in Baoji gorge irrigation district as the example. The contrast calculation results show that the fmincon function based on SQP algorithm has the optimal operation result, its irrigation income is increased by 3% in comparison with the genetic algorithm, operation time is reduced by 60%, and it has excellent stability. The decision?making system under deficit optimization irrigation was designed with the algorithm.
Keywords: deficit irrigation; SQP algorithm; decision?making; irrigation?income model
0 引 言
1970年美国开始了非充分灌溉的试验,他们后来进行了冬小麦非充分优化灌溉试验,获得了良好的试验效果。80年代澳大利亚的科学家进行了桃树的非充分优化灌溉试验,并且开发出一套亏缺条件下的灌溉方法,不仅节约了灌溉用水,而且还提高了桃树的产量并改善了桃子的品质[1]。
国内学者对非充分优化灌溉的研究虽起步较晚,但研究进展迅速,尤其在我国西北干旱地区。文献[2]使用多维多目标模糊优选动态规划理论求解非充分优化灌溉模型,在非充分灌溉条件下,提高了单位灌溉水的效益。文献[3]采用改进的遗传算法与多维动态规划模型,建立了非充分优化灌溉条件下的灌溉制度,应用于三江平原水稻取得了良好的效果。文献[4]采用PSO及SM?PSO算法求解Jensen模型参数,计算拟合精度较高。……
