齐晓朋+马俊贵

摘 要： 在变电站中，为有效预防发生變电站接地故障，利用PSCAD软件搭建某变电站35 kV电网的电阻仿真模型，通过建模计算变电站接地极的电阻大小，并分析其特征，改善变电站接地极电阻设置方案以确保规避变电站接地风险。结果表明，在变电站中，中性点经电阻接地更适用于变电站中性点电阻接地方式，在变电站中，经建模计算其接地电阻理论值是1.28 ，但在实际中为提升变电站建设的经济性，降低造价成本，可以将电阻设计值定为0. 687 ，同时可以为变电站设置高阻地面以满足实际中变电站安全运行的要求，不仅有利于变电站安全、稳定的运行，也可使变电站运行的安全性提升42.0%。结论证实，通过建模计算变电站接地极电阻，并分析接地极电阻的特征，有助于设计优化方案，预防变电站接地发生，产生积极影响。

关键词： 变电站接地； 特征分析； 建模计算； 接地极电阻

中图分类号： TN710?34 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 1004?373X（2017）01?0149?03

Abstract： In order to prevent the substation grounding fault， the PSCAD software is used to establish the resistance simulation model of a certain substation 35 kV power grid. The grounding electrode resistance is obtained by means of the modeling calculation， and its features are analyzed. The setting scheme of the substation grounding resistance was improved to avoid the substation grounding risk. The results show that the neutral point grounding through the resistance is suitable for the neutral point resistance grounding mode in substation. The theoretical value of the substation grounding resistance obtained by modeling calculation is 1.28 Ω， and the resistance design value is 0.687 Ω to improve the substation safety operation and reduce the cost. The high resistance ground can be set for the substation to satisfy the requirement of practical substation safety operation， facilitate the substation safe and stable running， and the substation running safety is increased by 42%. The conclusion verifies that the modeling calculation of the substation grounding electrode resistance and the analysis of the grounding electrode resistance features are conducive to the design of the optimization scheme and prevention of the substation grounding situation， and have a positive impact.

Keywords： substation grounding； feature analysis； modeling calculation； grounding electrode resistance

针对变电站接地极电阻建模及特征分析的相关问题，基于PSCAD软件，建模计算变电站接地极电阻大小，并分析接地极电阻特征，优化计算变电站接地电阻值，确保变电站可以正常运行。

1 对变电站接地极电阻进行建模分析的意义

目前变电站的接地工程中，如何将接地电阻降至安全限值以下依然是主要的技术难题之一[1]。近年来人们开始采用接地模块作为接地体解决接地降阻难题， 但对于变电站中由于接地极模块方面，还缺乏科学的依据，在构建中存在盲目性，无形中提升了变电站接地的风险。……