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基于DFT及谐波群泄露能量最小的电力谐波/间谐波分析方法

2017-02-16慕昆马小雨何国锋

现代电子技术 2017年1期

慕昆+马小雨+何国锋

摘 要: DFT在电力系统谐波分析中得到广泛应用,但是非整周期采样会导致频谱泄露、混叠及栅栏效应。基于能量守恒原理,当整周期采样时能量主要集中在主频上,泄露很小。IEC61000?4?7对群谐波均方根值(RMS)做了定义,因此采用增加或减少采样点数并递归运用DFT的方法,计算基波群谐波的泄露能量并使其最小,可达到最接近整周期采样的效果,通过DFT可直接得到各次谐波信息。数值仿真结果表明该方法可准确计算基波及谐波频率、幅值和相位,在信号存在白噪声时依然有效。

关键词: 谐波分析; 递归DFT; 泄露能量最小; 频谱泄露

中图分类号: TN911.6?34; TP273 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1004?373X(2017)01?0111?04

Abstract: The discrete Fourier transform (DFT) is widely used in the harmonic analysis of the power system, in which the non?complete?period sampling will lead to the spectrum leakage, aliasing and picket?fence effect. On the basis of energy conservation principle, when the energy of the complete period is focused on the main frequency, the leakage will be small. The RMS of group harmonic was defined by IEC61000?4?7. The method of using the variety of sampling points and recursive DFT is adop?ted to calculate the leakage energy of the fundamental?wave group harmonic and make it to the minimum, and obtain the sampling effect nearest to the complete period. The information of each harmonic is obtained by means of DFT. The numerical simulation results show that the method can calculate the fundamental wave, harmonic frequency, amplitude and phase accurately, and is still effective while the white noise exiting in the signal.

Keywords: harmonic analysis; recursive DFT; least leakage energy; spectrum leakage

0 引 言

随着电力电子技术的发展,各种非线性负载的加入使电力系统收到谐波、间谐波污染。如何在有限长的采样窗口长度下准确提取信号中各频率成分,有利于对谐波和间谐波污染进行进一步评估。

谐波分析的方法有很多种,由于离散傅里叶变换(Discrete Fourier Transform,DFT)具有算法成熟,易于DSP工程实现,成为分析谐波和间谐波的最常用工具。但是由于采样数据长度和采样的非同步化,产生了频谱泄漏和栅栏效应[1],各频率成分之间还会产生频谱干扰,影响分析效果。针对上述问题,国内外学者进行了大量研究,提出了多种改进措施。

在时域,若采样对于信号中各成分都是同步的,那么理论上DFT/FFT计算结果不存在误差。文献[2]通过采样长度的自适应计算使信号各成分与采样窗口近似同步,再用DFT计算各谐波、间谐波参数。……

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