喜杰周华蓉乌查日拉图　布和巴特尔

[摘要] 为了澄清常用蒙药材“度格模农”的基原，为临床用药提供依据。该文采用文献考证，结合市场及临床使用现状调查和植物分类学方法。结果表明蒙药“度格模农”与藏药“杜模牛”为同一药材，最早使用的均为夹竹桃科植物止泻木Holarrhena antidysenterica的种子（止泻木子）。约18世纪，蒙医以萝藦科植物地梢瓜Cynanchum thesioides的种子替代，至近代则主要使用木犀科植物连翘Forsythia suspense的果实，有关标准中也仅收载有地梢瓜C. thesioides，基本不再使用止泻木子。藏医目前仍主要使用止泻木子，但从古至今存在着多种替代品，涉及到夹竹桃科、萝藦科、柳叶菜科的多种植物的种子、果实或全草，目前实际使用的可能还有萝藦科植物大理白前C. forrestii和老瓜头C. komarovii（全草）。应采用文献考证、资源与使用现状调查、不同替代品的药效物质及生物活性的比较等多学科结合的方法，加强对蒙药材的品种整理研究。

[关键词] 蒙药； 止泻木子； 地梢瓜； 连翘； 本草考证

Herbal textual research of common Mongolian medicine "Du Ge Mo Nong"

XI Jie1，2， ZHOU Huarong3， Wucharilatu4， Buhe bater2， LI Huihu1， ZHONG Guoyue1*

（1. Collaboration Innovation Center of the Modern Technology and Industrial Development of Jiangxi Minority Traditional Medicine，

Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine， Nanchang 330004， China；

2.Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities， Tongliao 028000， China；

3.Chongqing Academy of Chinese Mater Medica， Chongqing 400065， China；

4.Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities， Tongliao 028000， China）

[Abstract] This study is aimed to provide the source for clinical medication by clarifing the common base of Mongolia medicinal materials "Du Ge Mo Nong". In this paper literature research and plant taxonomy method were adopted combined with investigation of the markets and clinical use status to clarify the origin of common traditional Mongolian medicine "Du Ge Mo Nong". The results showed that the Mongolian medicine "Du Ge Mo Nong"（度格模农）and Tibetan medicine "Du Mu Niu"（杜模牛）were the same crude drug and originated from the seeds of Holarrhena antidysenteriaca of family Apocynaceae in earliest time. In Mongolian medicine clinic， the seed of Cynanchum thesioides of family Asclepiadaceae and the fruit of Forsythia suspense of family Oleaceae was used respectively about 18 century and recent time， as the substitutes of H. antidysenteriaca. In present standards on Mongolian material medicine， C. thesioides is including only， and H. antidysenterica is not used almost. In Tibetan medicine clinic， H. antidysenterica is being used so far. But there are various substitutes including the seeds， fruits or grass of many species classified to family Apocynaceae， Asclepiadaceae and Onagraceae from ancient time to the present， and C. forrestii and C. komarovii may be used at present. It′s necessary to strengthen the arrangement on Mongolian medicine′s varieties by the multidisciplinary methods including literature research， investigation of resources and the use state， and comparison of active substances and biological activities between the different substitutes，and so on.

[Key words] Mongolian medicine； Holarrhena antidysenterica； Cynanchum thesioides； Forsythia suspense； herbal textual

doi：10.4268/cjcmm20162229

“度格模农”为蒙医临床常用“清协日类”药材，药性凉，具有清协日，止泻功效，常用于协日性腹泻，腑热，肠刺热等症。关于“度格模农”的基原植物，文献记载内蒙古不同地区使用有3种来源于不同科属植物的药材，即“止泻木子”（夹竹桃科植物止泻木子Holarrhena antidysenteriaca Wall. ex A. DC.的种子，为进口药材）、“连翘”[木犀科植物连翘Forsythia suspensa （Thunb.） Vahl.的果实，为蒙药与中药交叉使用的品种]、“地梢瓜”[萝藦科植物地梢瓜Cynanchum thesioides （Freyn） K. Schum.的种子，为地产蒙药特色品种]，认为3种药材的药性和功能主治相同，并在同一复方中互相替代使用[1]。……