王文博+张敏+张传津+章安源+苑学霞+李瑞菊

摘 要：为了解生鲜牛乳中金黄色葡萄球菌污染状况及产肠毒素特性，进而为金黄色葡萄球菌引起的食物中毒监测以及污染源追踪提供依据，本试验从山东省两个地市采集生鲜牛乳共152份，对其进行金黄色葡萄球菌检测，并对地市1样品进行产肠毒素检测。结果显示，152 份样品共检出金黄色葡萄球菌阳性样品84份，检出率为55.26%，其中，地市1的114份样品中共检出被金黄色葡萄球菌污染的样品63份，检出率为55.26%；地市2的38份样品中共检出被金黄色葡萄球菌污染的样品21份，检出率为55.26%，且不同地区来源的样品受污染程度存在明显差异。对地市1的样品进行肠毒素检测，均未检出肠毒素。本研究结果表明，两个地市生鲜牛乳中金黄色葡萄球菌污染范围较广，应进一步加强奶源管理，避免由其污染引起的食物中毒。

关键词：生鲜牛乳；金黄色葡萄球菌；肠毒素

中图分类号：TS252.2文献标识号：A文章编号：1001-4942（2016）12-0142-04

Abstract In order to study the contamination status of Staphylococcus aureus and its enterotoxin-producing property in raw milk， and to provide references for monitoring the bromatoxism resulted from Staphylococcus aureus and pollution source tracking， 152 raw fresh milk samples collected from dairies of two cities in Shandong Province were conducted Staphylococcus aureus detection according to the national standard method （GB 4789.10—2010）. Subsequently， the enterotoxin in samples from No.1 city was tested. The results showed that there were 84 positive samples and the detection rate was 55.26%. Among which， 63 and 21 positive samples were detected from 114 and 38 samples coming from No.1 and No.2 city respectively， and the detection rate were both 55.26%. The contamination levels were significantly different in samples derived from different regions. Additionally， the enterotoxin were all not detected in 114 samples of No.1 city. The results demonstrated that the levels of Staphylococcus aureus contamination in raw fresh milk were high in two cities of Shandong Province， and it advised that the milk management should be strengthened to avoid food poisoning.

Keywords Raw fresh milk； Staphylococcus aureus； Enterotoxin

牛乳是人类最理想的营养食品之一，但其易遭受污染而腐败变质。牛乳中污染了金黄色葡萄球菌后易引起食物中毒等食源性疾病[1]。据美国疾病预防控制中心（CDC）报道，引起人类食物中毒排第一位的是大肠埃希菌，金黄色葡萄球菌位居第二[2，3]。金黄色葡萄球菌在环境中普遍存在[4]，来源广泛，极易传播，因此污染率较高，且与奶牛乳房炎高患病率密切相关。

金黄色葡萄球菌导致胃肠炎的主要致病力由肠毒素产生，肠毒素耐热而不受胰蛋白酶的影响，须在100℃持续加热2 h以上方能破坏其毒性[5]，严重威胁人类身体健康。……