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侧面碰撞中儿童测试假人与人体模型动态响应差异性研究

2017-01-11张学荣黄硕许长龙周进宝

汽车工程学报 2016年6期

张学荣+黄硕+许长龙+周进宝

摘 要:采用计算机仿真和试验相结合的方法,根据ECE R129法规在多刚体动力学分析软件(Mathematical Dynamic Model,MADYMO)中建立Q3儿童测试假人和Facet儿童人体模型的正碰和侧碰仿真模型[1]。通过台车碰撞试验验证所建仿真模型的有效性,研究在侧碰情况下,Q3儿童测试假人和Facet儿童人体模型动态响应的差异性。仿真结果发现,在侧面碰撞时,Q3儿童测试假人回弹过程中侧倾角度明显大于Facet儿童人体模型,二者头部加速度曲线以及伤害值较为吻合,但胸部3 ms合成加速度相差较大。研究结果表明,Q3儿童测试假人胸椎相比Facet人体模型刚度较大,Q3儿童测试假人胸椎、腰椎生物仿真度有待进一步提高。

关键词:侧碰;动态响应;假人;儿童安全;人体模型

中图分类号:U461.91文献标文献标识码:A文献标DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2095-1469.2016.06.11

Abstract:By the method of combining the computer simulation and test, according to the requirements of ECE R129 regulations, for both Q3 dummy and Facet human model, the simulations of frontal and side impacts were conducted in MADYMO and verified by frontal crash tests. The paper studies the difference in dynamic response between the Q3 test dummy and human model under side impact conditions. The results show that the roll angle of Q3 test dummy is greater than that of human model in the process of rebound. The two head acceleration curves and both the damage values are consistent; however, the difference in chest 3 ms synthetic acceleration is large. The study shows that the stiffness of Q3 dummy is greater than that of human model, and the biofidelity of the test dummy should be improved in the thoracic and lumbar regions.

Keywords:side crash; dynamic response; dummy; child safety; human model

随着乘车安全知识的普及,儿童约束系统已被广泛使用。目前,儿童安全座椅的保护性能主要通过儿童测试假人来评价。儿童测试假人与真实人体动态响应的差异性对评价结果有着至关重要的影响[2]。

但是现有的安全座椅在交通事故中的表现却和试验研究中的结果存在一定差异。本文以欧洲某公司的调查报告为背景,该报告指出,在欧洲消费者测试中获得“极好”评价的儿童安全座椅安装在安全星级为顶级的车辆中,儿童安全座椅却没能有效地将儿童测试假人约束住,儿童测试假人被抛出安全座椅;然而在交通事故统计中,使用前置护体型儿童约束系统的儿童乘员并没有被抛出安全座椅[3]。……

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