张淑丽/宁夏中卫市第五小学

How to improve the ability of listening, speaking, reading and writing

张淑丽/宁夏中卫市第五小学

一、Introduction

The purpose of middle school English teaching is to improve the students' four skills of listening, speaking, reading and writing, with the base of necessary phonetics, large vocabulary and good grammar, But this is not the final purpose. The final purpose is to lot let students be able to use the language.

Now most of the students do better in reading and writing English than in listening and speaking. They can read and write, but they can hardly communicate. They can hardly express themselves with their own words. This is partially because of our examination system, and partially of the teaching method . We are not able to change the examination system, but we can improve our teaching method.

Most of all the teachers like to provide the students with a lot of knowledge-words, phrases, grammar, usages and so on, They are focusing these thing, especially on the grammar. Yes, the students do need these, but many teachers forget to teach them how to study English, and how to use it. So when you are giving the knowledge to the students, don't forget to teach them all the abilities of the four skills.

二、 Ways on developing the four abilities

1.Listening

The teachers often speak of the four skills- listening, speaking, reading and writing. That means each of them is important. You can't say that you have mastered the language without any one of them, Listening, one of the means of language communication, is used most widely in people's daily lives. About 45％of an adult's time concerns listening to other people , listening to the radio, listening to the music. In linguistics，giving the students a lot of listening activities is a good way of enlarging their vocabulary. On the other hand, it also helps the students improve their listening comprehension.

Then how to improve the students' listening skill?

We know the largest difference between mother language learning and foreign language learning is the environment. A child can soon learn his mother language well. He has heard a lot before he can say something and walk. Then after he is able to walk and say, he has a chance of listening to more. Before he goes to school, he has already been a good listener and speaker.

2. Speaking

Speaking can't be taught separately. It is often connected with listening. So we often speak of listening and speaking.

The traditional way of listening and speaking is aural-oral method. Now, the new method of two-way communication is very popular.

As you know that any teaching method has its psycho[来源:论文logical base. The aural-oral method began in the 1940's. It is based on behaviourism. One of its psychological theory is that learning a language is forming a set of new language habit.

Teachers can control the practice wholly or partly.

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The practice can also be controled by students freely. The internal force of study is not due to the insterests in phonetic structure, but the content of the material.

To make the correct response, the students are asked to pay more attention.

3.Reading

Reading is an important way of gaining information in foreign language learning, It is a basic skill for a foreign language learner. There is a lot of reading exercises in an examination today. But all these readings must be done in limited time. So students are asked to read them correctly and with a certain speed. To do this, you should change your bad reading habit and raise your reading efficiency.

New words prevent you from reading fast. One way to overcome this problem is to guess. There are many ways to guess the meaning of a new word. First you should find some hints. Context, some phrases, such as "means", "refer to", "in other words", "That is to sag"; are all the hints.

Sometimes you can't guess what the word means. If the word doesn't affect your reading, let it be.

Another problem that affect your reading speed is you reading habit and you reading skill.

I think browsing is an important step while you are doing you readingg comprehension.

Some students begin to read at once when he get a reading material, even without knowing, its title. But after reading for many times, he won't understand what the article says.

4.Writing

Writing is one way of providing variety in classroom procedures. It provides a student with physical evidence of his achievements and becomes a course whereby he can measure his improvement. It helps to consolidate the students' grasp of vocabulary and structure, and complements the other language skills.

Sentence is the base of an article. So we should begin our writing with sentences. First, students should be asked to express with sentences-sentences making, then to write short articles.

1. Translation. Translate Chinese into English.

First, they should learn the five basic sentence drills. Then choose some typical sentences in the text as models, do sentence making after these models.

2. Sentence pattern exchanging. By rewriting the sentences, practise expressing the same meaning with different patterns.

3. Text shortening and rewriting. It helps to understand the text, and helps to write compositions. It can foster students' ability to summarize and to use the language freely.

三、 conclusion

While you are training these four skills, you'd better make full use of your teaching instrument use varieties of ways to stimulate the students' interests.

Generally speaking these four skills can't be separated. People often say "First listening and speaking, then reading and writing". That's right. But I think this way of saying is fit for the beginning stage. For a senior middle school student, reading and writing is more important.

Before you are going to have a new lesson, do reading and writing first. Ask students to read the text in advance, and do some exercises connected with the text.

Listening and speaking are the major ways while teaching the new lesson. Be sure to let the lesson go on in a foreign language situation.

You can ask the students questions about the text, do some discussion, check the students' homework. This helps students raise their ability of listening and speaking. It also helps to understand or comprehend the text and the sentences.