过去分词作定语易错点辨析
2016-12-26刘静
刘静
动词的过去分词用法灵活,应用广泛,在高考试卷中,很多时候都会设置对过去分词作定语的考查。
例1 (2016·全国卷I) I was the first western TV reporter ______ (permit) to film a special unit ...
解析 permitted。句中的the first western TV reporter与permit之间是被动关系,故应选用过去分词,相当于who was permitted。
例2 (2015·全国卷I) A study of travelers ______ (conduct) by the website Trip Advisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.
解析 conducted。这个句子里有谓语动词names,所给动词不是names的并列谓语,它与前面名词的关系是被动关系,因此用过去分词作定语。
例3 (2015·新全国Ⅱ) The adobe dwellings (土坯房) 1 (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers.
解析 built。考查过去分词短语作后置定语。主语dwellings与动词build之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词形式。又由by一词的暗示可知应用表示被动意义的过去分词。
例4 The Olympic Games,____________ in 776 BC,did not include women players until 1912.
A.first playing B.to be first played
C.first played D.to be first playing
解析 根据题意可知,the Olympic Games与play之间是被动关系,因此可以排除A和D,另外B表示将来的动作,也应排除,故答案为C。它可以还原成一个非限制性定语从句:which was first played in 776 BC。
点拨 动词过去分词表示的意义是被动的和完成的,单个的分词作定语常常放在被修饰词的前面,而分词短语作定语时,通常置于被修饰词的后面,其作用相当于一个定语从句。且分词所表示的动作与其所修饰的名词构成逻辑上的动宾关系。
1. 单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面,相当于一个形容词。我们想看看下面两个例句:
例5 The ________ (excite) students applauded for their head teacher for a long time.
I can see the __________(worry) expression on his face, when he knew his son was missing .
解析 第一个空同学们往往能够很容易得出答案是excited,用过去分词作定语修饰学生,翻译为“感到兴奋的”。
第二个空的答案为worried。相信有的同学会提出疑问:这个地方不是要求填入适当形式修饰expression吗?不是有“现在分词修饰事物,过去分词修饰人”这样的说法么?其实,这种生硬的划分是错误的。
这里,笔者要给各位同学进行一个总结,即:现在分词表示“令人……的”,而ed分词则表示“感到……”。
