王文采

( 中国科学院植物研究所 系统与进化植物学国家重点实验室， 北京 100093 )



毛茛科六新种

王文采

( 中国科学院植物研究所 系统与进化植物学国家重点实验室， 北京 100093 )

该文描述了毛茛科六新种：(1)托里乌头，与阿尔泰乌头近缘，区别为其茎和叶无毛，总状花序极密集，雄蕊花丝多有1或2小齿。(2)门源翠雀花，与大通翠雀花近缘，区别为其茎极短，花序总状，退化雄蕊瓣片不分裂。(3)云台山铁线莲，与裂叶铁线莲近缘，区别为其叶为二回羽状复叶，花较小，雄蕊花丝呈黑色，无脉。(4)黑丝铁线莲，与前种云台山铁线莲在亲缘关系上极为相近，区别为其小叶较小，多呈狭卵形或披针形，聚伞花序也较小，通常只具3花。(5)五台山毛茛，与砾地毛茛相似，区别为其基生叶被柔毛，花瓣蜜槽具鳞片，心皮具短而粗的花柱和小柱头。(6)靖西铁线莲，与宝岛铁线莲在亲缘关系上接近，区别为其茎疏被短柔毛，小叶卵形或狭卵形，不分裂，聚伞花序有1～3花，萼片较大(长1.7～2 cm，宽0.5～0.7 cm)。

毛茛科， 乌头属， 翠雀花属， 铁线莲属， 毛茛属， 新种， 中国

最近，我鉴定了一批采自我国的毛茛科植物标本，从中发现了乌头属、翠雀花属和毛茛属各一新种，以及铁线莲属三新种，现在本文中发表。

托里乌头 图 1: A-E

Aconitum tuoliense W. T. Wang，sp. nov. Fig.1: A-E

(Subgen.Aconitumsect.Aconitumser.AmbiguaSteinb.)

Species nova haec est affinisA.smirnoviiSteinb.，a quo caule et foliis glabris，racemo ob pedicellos breviores plerumque 0.5-1 cm longos floribus densissimis praedito，staminum filamentis plerumque 1-2-denticulatis differt. InA.smirnovii，caules superne sparse pubescentes，folia supra ad nervos appresso-pubescentia，flores in racemo haud densissimi，pedicelli 0.7-2 cm longi，et staminum filamenta omnia integra sunt.

Herb. Roots unknown. Stem ca. 50 cm tall，near base ca. 6 mm in diam.，glabrous，simple，ca. 5-leaved. Lower cauline leaves long，upper cauline leaves shortly petiolate，glabrous; blades papery，pentagonal in outline， 5-8.5 × 10 cm，at base subtruncate，3-sect，central segment rhombic，2.5-4 cm broad，3-fid，secondary lobes with 3 or 2 lanceolate-linear or linear lobules，lateral segments obliquely flabellate，unequally 2-parted，secondary lobes one or two times dissected; petioles 4-12.5 cm long. Raceme terminal，ca. 15 cm long，very densely 15-flowered; bracts subsessile，basal bract foliaceous，with narrowly linear lobes，other bracts smaller，3-sect or undivided，linear，ciliolate; rachis with pedicels puberulous; pedicels mostly 5-10 mm long，only the lowermost pedicel 14 mm long，near apex 2-bracteolate; bracteoles linear，4-5 × 0.5 mm，densely ciliolate. Flower: Sepals 5，deeply blue，abaxially puberulous; upper sepal obliquely navicular-galeate，ca. 2 cm high，from base to apex of rostrum 1.8-2.2 cm long，above the middle broadest，at frontal side rostrate (rostrum ca. 2.5 mm long)，adaxially glabrous; lateral sepals orbicular-obovate，1.4-1.6 × 1-1.2 cm，adaxially above sparsely pubescent; lower sepals obliquely elliptic，1.2-1.4 × 0.4-0.5 cm，adaxially sparsely pubescent. Petals 2，glabrous; claws ca. 1.9 cm long; spurs incurved，ca. 3 mm long; lips 4 mm long，at apex slightly dilated and emarginate. Stamens ca. 28，glabrous; filaments below broadly linear or linear，above filiform，mostly near the middle 1-2-denticulate，a few of them with entire margins;anthers with upper parts of filaments dark-blue，subquadrate，1-1.2 × 0.8-1 mm. Carpels 3; ovaries dark-blue，ca. 5 mm long，abaxially sparsely pubescent; styles subulate，1-1.2 mm long，glabrous.

新疆(Xinjiang)： 托里县，库普乡，塔斯提林场(Tuoli Xian，Kupu Xiang，Tasiti tree farm)，alt. 1 810 m，石砾草坡(on gravelly grassy slope)，2014-08-16，陈又生，袁慊(Y.S.Chen & Q.Yuan)141579 (holotype，PE)。

本种在亲缘关系上与阿尔泰乌头(AconitumsmirnoviiSteinb.)相接近，与后者的区别在于本种的茎和叶无毛，花梗较短，长0.5～1 cm，因此总状花序的花极为密集，雄蕊花丝多具1或2小齿。在阿尔泰乌头，茎上部疏被柔毛，叶上面脉上被柔毛，花梗较长(0.7～2 cm)，总状花序的花不极密集，雄蕊所有花丝的边缘均全缘，无小齿(Li & Kadota，2001)。……