杨经伦 刘建进 陈兰

摘 要：从约翰·鲍尔比的依恋理论出发，运用沃特斯-迪因儿童依恋行为分类卡片筛选出3名不安全依恋型留守儿童，根据3名留守儿童的不安全依恋特点、成因及家长职业的特殊性设计出亲子体育游戏并进行针对性的干预。预期通过改善亲子关系来帮助不安全依恋型留守儿童改善自身不良心理及行为问题。研究使用单被试实验设计，在干预前对被试者进行多点评测，以获得稳定的基线；在干预后及撤除干预后对被试者进行多点评测，以获得被试者在每个阶段清晰的变化。研究结果表明：父母陪同参与的亲子体育游戏能密切亲子关系，能使不安全依恋留守儿童多一份安全感，能使其更主动、更自信地参与到团体活动中；亲子体育游戏在留守儿童不安全依恋行为问题上有积极的干预作用。

关 键 词：运动心理学；依恋理论；不安全依恋；体育游戏；留守儿童；单被试实验设计

中图分类号：G804.8 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7116（2016）06-0071-05

Effects of intervention of parent-child sports games on improving left-behind childrens insecurity attachment behaviors

YANG Jing-lun1，LIU Jian-jin2，CHEN Lan3

（1.Sports Education Center，Zhuhai College of Jilin University，Zhuhai 519041；China；

2.Department of Physical Education，Guangzhou College of Commerce，Guangzhou 511363，China；

3.Laboratory and Assets Management Office，Zhuhai College of Jilin University，Zhuhai 519041，China）

Abstract： Starting with John Bowlbys attachment theory， by using Waters-Deane Attachment Q-Set， the authors screened out 3 insecurity attachment type left-behind children， and according to their insecurity attachment characteristics and their parents occupation particularities， designed parent-child sports games to carry out action-specific intervention on them. In this research， single-testee experiment design was used， before the intervention， the testees were multi-point evaluated， so as to acquire a stable baseline， after the intervention and after the intervention was removed， the testees were multi-point evaluated， so as to acquire the testees clear changes at each stage. The research results indicate the followings： a parent-child sports game participated in by the parents can make the parent-child relationship closer， give the insecurity attachment type left-behind child more sense of security， and enable him/her to participated in group activities in a more initiative and confident way； parent-child sports games have positive intervention effects on the issue of left-behind childrens insecurity attachment behaviors.

Key words： sports psychology；attachment theory；insecurity attachment；sports game；left-behind children；single testee experiment design

依恋的概念最先由英国著名的心理学家、精神病学家和精神分析学家John Bowlby提出。依恋一般是指婴儿童和其照顾者（一般为母亲）之间存在的一种特殊的感情关系。它产生于婴儿与其父母间的相互作用过程，是一种感情上的联结和纽带。Bowlby穷其一生对儿童与母亲之间的依恋与分离问题进行了深入的研究，他认为依恋的形成与发展是建立其他社会关系的基础，依恋对儿童身心的健康发展具有十分重要的意义，而且早期依恋更能塑造儿童今后的行为和态度[1]。……