张伟霞 焦盈莹 徐霞 闫静蕾

摘 要：为探讨睡眠质量在体育锻炼与学业成绩中的作用，使用体育锻炼等级量表（PARS-3）、匹兹堡睡眠指数量表，随机选取新疆地区某中学224名学生进行集体施测。结果显示：高中生体育锻炼量较少，睡眠质量不容乐观。不同性别学生体育锻炼量存在显著性差异，而睡眠质量、学业成绩不存在显著性差异；体育锻炼量大的学生，睡眠质量和学业成绩均好于体育锻炼量小的学生；体育锻炼量与睡眠质量（r=?0.24）、体育锻炼量与学业成绩（r=0.40）、睡眠质量与学业成绩（r=?0.38）均存在显著相关；体育锻炼对学业成绩的影响部分是通过睡眠质量实现的，中介效应占总效应的21.75%。说明体育锻炼是提升学业成绩的有效方式，体育锻炼可以通过改善睡眠质量进而促进学业成绩的提升。增强体育锻炼和促进睡眠质量是提升学业成绩的可行方法。

关 键 词：运动医学；体育锻炼；学业成绩；睡眠质量；高中生

中图分类号：G804.5 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7116（2016）06-0135-06

Effects of high school students physical exercising on their academic achievements

——mediating functions of sleep quality

ZHANG Wei-xia1，JIAO Ying-ying2，XU Xia3，4，YAN Jing-lei1

（1.Graduate Department，Wuhan Sports University，Wuhan 430079，China；2.Bayi School of the 2nd Division，Yanqi 841000，China；3.School of Health Sciences，Wuhan Sports University，Wuhan 430079，China，

4.Key Laboratory of Sports Training and Monitoring，Wuhan 430079，China）

Abstract： In order to probe into the functions of sleep quality in physical exercising and academic achievements：In order to probe into the functions of physical exercising in sleep quality and academic achievements， the authors， by using Physical Exercising Rating Scale （PARS-3） and Pittsburg Sleep Index Scale， collectively measured 224 students randomly chosen from a middle school in Xinjiang region， and revealed the following findings： the high school students physical exercising volume was low， their sleep quality was not optimistic； there was a significant gender difference in physical exercising volume， while there was no such a difference in sleep quality； the sleep quality and academic achievements of the students with a high physical exercising volume were all better than those of the students with a low physical exercising volume； there was a significant correlation between physical exercising volume and sleep quality （r=-0.24）， physical exercising volume and academic achievements （r=0.40）， sleep quality and academic achievements （r=-0.38）； the effect of physical exercising on academic achievements was realized via sleep quality， its mediating effect was 21.75% of the total effect. The said findings indicate that physical exercising is an effective way to improve academic achievements， and can promote the improvement of academic achievements via improving sleep quality. Reinforcing physical exercising and improving sleep quality are feasible methods for improving academic achievements.

Key words： sports medicine；physical exercising；academic achievement；sleep quality；high school student

体育锻炼对学生学业成绩影响的研究，是研究者针对青少年体育活动不足所采取的有说服力的手段。因为仅强调体育锻炼的身体健康效益，并不能促进学校青少年体育锻炼量的提升，相比身体效益而言，以学业成绩为代表的认知效益更能成为政策制定者和众多家长的关注焦点。此外，学校体育锻炼在青少年中等强度体育锻炼中占有重要比例（70%～90%）[1]，这就使得通过提高广大学生的体育锻炼量以提升健康水平成为了一个重要而有意义的课题。……