韦志明

摘 要：在中国足协的纪律处罚规范中，溯及力的设定与适用对体育行业管理有效性和行业会员权益产生着重要影响。法的溯及力问题与体育行业自治规范中溯及力问题在法理上是相通的，但体育行业自治规范对溯及力问题的设定与适用应建立在行业自治性基础之上。法治化设定是体育行业自治走向善治的制度性保证，但在溯及力设定问题上须根据体育行业的自治性来设计，应该走一种“由低到高、由形式到实质”的层级化升格路线。具体来说，民主化是体育行业规范实现溯及力法治化设定的奠基选项，不溯及既往是应然选项，而相对的不溯及既往是最优选项。研究认为：在体育行业规范的溯及力适用上，也应坚持法治化思维。

关 键 词：体育法；体育行业规范；溯及力；法治化设定与适用

中图分类号：G80-05 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7116（2016）06-0053-05

Also on the issue about retroactive effect in sports industry autonomy norms

WEI Zhi-ming

（School of Political Science and Law，Hanshan Normal University，Chaozhou 521041，China）

Abstract： The norms， retroactive effect setup and application of disciplinary punishment stipulated by Chinese Football Association produce important influence on the effectiveness of sports industry management and the rights and interests of industrial members. The issue about legal retroactive effect and the issue about retroactive effect in sports industry autonomy norms are interlinked in terms of legal principle， but the setup and application of the issue about retroactive effect by sports industry autonomy norms should be established based on industry autonomy. Legalized setup is the institutional assurance for sports industry autonomy to develop toward good governance， but on the issue about retroactive effect setup， it must be designed according to sports industry autonomy， should go a way of level-specified upgrading from low to high and from form to essence. Specifically， for sports industry norms to realize the legalized setup of retroactive effect， democratization is the foundation-laying option， non-retroactivity is the ought-to-be option， and relative non-retroactivity is the optimal option. In terms of the application of retroactive effect of sports industry norms， we should stick to legalization thinking as well.

Key words： sports law；sports industry norm；retroactive effect；legalized setup and application

天津体育学院学报曾发表高军东[1]《法治视角下的中国足协及其〈纪律准则及处罚办法〉》一文，文中指出中国足协在《纪律准则及处罚办法》第5条“适用时间条款”上采用溯及既往原则是“非法治”瑕疵，与法治精神相违背，使笔者意识到这可能是体育行业自治中极为重要的课题。在现代社会里，体育行业自治基本上是通过行业自治规范实现制度治理，而在规范的治理中，必然会涉及到规范的溯及力问题。尽管笔者认同文中的大部分观点，但该文对体育行业规范中关于溯及力诸问题进行深入研究，特别是在溯及力的设定与适用问题上，需结合体育行业自治性来讨论。……