美国全国赛车联合会公共关系的历史审视
2016-12-20王永顺易剑东
王永顺 易剑东
摘 要:为探究美国全国赛车联合会(NASCAR)公共关系的成功经验,对NASCAR公共关系的发展历程进行分析。研究认为公共关系理念、公共关系组织建构以及公共关系实践是研究体育组织公共关系的主要切入点;NASCAR的公共关系经历初创期、发展期、调整期和完善期,这一过程中组织的公共关系对组织的发展起到了重要的作用;公共关系制度在演进过程中受到公共关系理论、社会分层、传媒业发展及社会政治文化变迁等因素的影响;体育组织在制定相应的制度时,必须重视相关理论与技术的革新及社会文化因素的影响。
关 键 词:体育管理;美国全国赛车联合会;公共关系
中图分类号:G80-05 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1006-7116(2016)06-0047-06
A historical review of US NASCARs public relations
WANG Yong-shun1,YI Jian-dong2
(1.School of Physical Education,Huaqiao University,Xiamen 361021,China;
2.Jiangxi University of Finace and Economics,Nanchang 330013,China)
Abstract: In order to probe into the successful experience of NASCARs public relations (PRs), the authors analyzed the course of development of NASCARs PRs, and drew the following conclusions: PR philosophy, PR organization construction and PR realization are main entry points for studying sports organizations PRs; NASCARs PRs went through an initiation period, a development period, an adjustment period and a perfection period, during such a process, the organizations PRs played an important role in organization development; in the process of evolution, the PR system is affected by factors such as PR theories, social stratification, media industry development as well as social, political and cultural changes; when establishing a system, a sports organization must value the impacts of related theories and technical innovations as well as social and cultural factors.
Key words: sports management;NASCAR;public relation
职业体育组织是体育组织的重要组成部分,体育组织的发展势必要获得包括政府、企业、民众等广大社会主体的大力支持,通过行政指令处理体育发展中的问题一直是我国处理体育实践问题的主要手段[1],然而在缺少政策倾斜、行政支持的环境下,这一支持的获得既需要体育组织自身遵守法律法规、满足大众需求、提供良好的体育服务,更需要体育组织懂得如何维系与上述主体的关系。因此,以职业体育为代表的体育组织必须重视公共关系。
公共关系是指一种为维系良好公众关系而进行的传播活动和在传播活动中遵循的行为策略和规范[2]。体育组织的公共关系由多个部分组成,主要包括内部关系和外部关系两大类,涵盖与政府关系、与媒体关系、与球迷关系、与赞助商关系、与内部员工关系等,并采用各种公共关系手段来维系这些关系。……
