爱尔兰民间体育组织治理及其启示
2016-12-20郑国华凡红龚循谦
郑国华 凡红 龚循谦
摘 要:对爱尔兰民间体育组织GAA创立社会背景、现实环境、组织结构和目标、发展历程进行梳理,再结合理论和模型分析对GAA发展因素和未来可能面临的威胁进行解析。发现GAA创立有其历史必然性,是爱尔兰人民抵制英国文化侵略的产物,同时也是爱尔兰人民体育生活方式的现实选择。在漫长的发展历程中,GAA选择的身份标识始终与国家前途命运、社会发展密切相关。它通过服务国家、服务社会辅助实现国家文化和社会需求目标,并从中寻求自身发展的现实道路,但是它的民族主义和工具理性的治理行为也是在借鉴时要妥善对待的。
关 键 词:体育管理;民间体育组织;盖尔运动协会;民族主义;爱尔兰
中图分类号:G80-05 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1006-7116(2016)06-0041-06
Nongovernmental sports organization governance in Ireland and inspirations therefrom
——Taking Gaelic Athletic Association for example
ZHENG Guo-hua1,FAN Hong2,GONG Xun-qian3
(1.Center Research of Sports History and Culture,Shanghai University of Sport,Shanghai 200438,China;
2.School of Bangor,Bangor University,Welsh,UK.;3.School of Physical Education,Jiangxi Normal University,Nanchang 330022,China)
Abstract: The authors collated the social background, realistic environment, organizational structure and objectives, development course with respect to the establishment of Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA), a nongovernmental organization in Ireland, then, analyzed reasons for the successful development of and future threats possibly faced by GAA by means of theoretical analysis and model analysis, and revealed the following findings: the establishment of GAA had its historical inevitability, was the product of Irish people resisting British cultural invasion, and also the realistic choice of Irish peoples sports lifestyle; in the 129-year long development course, the identity chosen by GAA was always closely related to the nations future and fate as well as social development; it assisted to realize the objectives of national culture and social needs via serving the country and society, and therein sought for a realistic path for its own development, but its nationalistic instrumental rationality and governance behaviors are something we should properly dealt with during learning.
Key words: sports management;nongovernmental sport organization;GAA;nationalism;Ireland
爱尔兰的民间体育组织盖尔运动协会(Gaelic Athletic Association,GAA),以在克罗克公园组织、开展盖尔足球和曲棍球运动而闻名世界。然而,世界大部分学者也仅知道GAA是打着保护民族文化旗帜的规模庞大的民间体育组织,至于GAA治理的模式所知甚少。国际社会对GAA在保护传统体育的模式上给予高度认可[1]。那么,什么是GAA治理经验呢?为进一步加深对欧洲传统体育发展的认识和获取第一手资料,课题组调研GAA中央理事会秘书Sinead Quinn、亚洲区秘书Emily Ward和分支组织的管理者,也包括爱尔兰科克大学社会科学学院教授Christy Alaster、Hogan Eileen等社会学学者。他们认为GAA是具有独立性和单一性的,强调GAA的成功在于它爱国的历史、民族主义的亲和力、保护爱尔兰传统文化的组织目标和俱乐部联盟的管理模式。……
