郭永波 罗智文 陈明华

摘 要：总结我国职业篮球的发展历程，认为我国职业篮球存在协会与管理中心功能重置、管理中心的管理和运营职能并存、管理中心与俱乐部之间产权不清等问题，制约职业篮球的发展。提出我国职业篮球改革的基本设想：一是职业篮球体制改革是建立在规制体制建设基础上，让规制机构独立，发挥其政府与协会之间，协会与联赛之间的监督、协调作用。完成管理中心与协会的政事分开，篮协与职业联盟分离的政企分开。政府制定各类规章与制度，协会宏观管理整个国家的篮球事业，职业联盟代表各个俱乐部自律管理，并经营联赛。改革职业篮球联盟、俱乐部的产权，奠定俱乐部自主经营、自负盈亏的基础。二是在重新确立后备人才产权的基础上，建立社会化的后备人才市场，使篮球人才培养社会化。三是确定协会的中立地位，整合不同层次联盟，并保持其竞争性，实现篮球事业的可持续发展。

关 键 词：体育管理；职业篮球；联赛；中国

中图分类号：G841 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7116（2016）06-0030-05

Problems in professional basketball development in China and ideas for reform

GUO Yong-bo，LUO Zhi-wen，CHEN Ming-hua

（School of Physical Education，South China Normal University，Guangzhou 510006，China）

Abstract： The author summarized the history of development of professional basketball in China， concluded that professional basketball in China had such problems as repeated functions configured by the association and the administration center， coexistence of management and operation functions of the administration center， the obscurity of property rights between the administration center and the clubs， and such， which had restricted professional basketball development. And the author put forward three basic points for professional basketball reform in China： firstly， professional basketball system reform is established based on regulation system construction， it should let the regulation institution be independent and exert its monitoring and coordinating functions between the government and the association as well as between the association and the league， fulfill the government-institution separation between the administration center and the association， and the government-enterprise separation between the basketball association and the professional league； the government establishes all sorts of regulations and systems， the association manages the entire national basketball enterprise macroscopically， while the professional league represents the self-discipline management of all the clubs and manages league matches； the reform should reform the property right of the professional basketball league and the clubs， so as to establish the foundation for the clubs independent management and self-financing； secondly， the reform should， on the basis of reestablishing the property rights of backup talents， establish a socialized backup talent market， and socialize backup talent cultivation； lastly， the reform should determine the neutral status of the association， integrates the leagues at different levels， and maintain their competitiveness so as to realize the prosperity of the basketball enterprise.

Key words： sports management；professional basketball；league；China

对于20世纪90年代初我国职业体育改革，许多学者发表了诸多观点和论断，谈及我国职业体育体制、机制及相关利益的改革思路。20年已过去，中国的职业体育发展的制度变迁与建立仍然停留研讨状态；市场机制的职业体育结构也还在规划之中；职业篮球联赛与俱乐部的产权地位仍然没有被确认；协会与管理中心“两块牌子，一套人马”的现状依旧，管办不分、政企不分、职责不明、利益混淆、约束机制失衡等问题大量存在。……