城市融入:促进农民工市民化的社区治理创新研究
2016-12-15冷向明徐元元
冷向明 徐元元

Abstract: Based on the case of Z community, this paper analyses the main body, structure, mechanism, existing problems and reasons of the governance.The result indicates that the county government, street agency, community residents' committees, the service station and CPCs branch of migrant workers are the main partsof the governance, whose structure is government-lead, community-executive, residents committees-organize, and related organizations-participate, and its governance mechanism are embodied in “the effective leading by elites”, “a wide range of community interaction” and “effective linkage”. Problems such as the “vacant shell” of organizations, the “inequity” of the resources allocation, the “grade structure” ofcitizenship, and the “superficial” of community interaction still exist.Performance under pressure system orientation, top-down way of cultivating and differentiation of the limitations of resources endowment and community governance capacity are the main reasons for these problems.Migrant workers community governance practices and subsequent theoretical research issuesareto deepen the reform of the household registration system, to strengthen the construction of organization, to improve community interaction, to enhance community resources mobilization ability and to improve the community public service system, so as to realize the migrant workers system, rights, organization, and political, social and cultural integration.
Key words: migrant worker; urban social integration; community governance
农民工市民化是新型城镇化的核心问题。长期以来,城市社会对农民工“经济吸纳、社会排斥”的格局,使得农民工的城市融入问题日益凸显。“社区是正式制度与非正式制度之间演变的转换区域,是农民工城市融入的社会化组织载体”,农民工融入社区便融入了城市。社区治理是国家治理的基层单元,是促进农民工融入城市的重要载体和有效手段。当前,农民工的大量流入正在逐渐改变城市社区的结构,也对社区治理体系和能力提出了巨大的挑战。
国内外对社区治理的相关研究层出不穷,但以“促进农民工城市融入”为指向的社区治理研究还不多,农民工社区治理的主体、结构以及机制是什么,需要实证研究进一步明确;相应地,当前治理结构与机制存在的问题及其原因,需要深入探讨,从而为完善社区治理体系、提升社区治理能力、促进农民工有序市民化提供有效支持。有鉴于此,本文以浙江省H市A县的Z社区作为研究对象,对上述问题进行系统的探讨。
Z社区辖区面积3.3平方公里,社区的原居民主要从事家具生产。社区现有户籍人口1126人,外来人口约7000人,户籍人口与外来人口严重倒挂,属于典型的流动人口聚居区。但这里80%左右的农民工都是举家迁徙,多为核心家庭(夫妻和孩子),稳定性较高,定居意愿较强。因此,农民工社区融入问题比较突出,对社区治理提出了挑战。
2011年,Z社区居委会积极回应农民工的现实需要,专门成立了一个以“自我服务、自我管理”为导向的机构——农民工服务站,这是A县第一个农民工服务站。……