张伟

摘要：目的 从量效关系探讨《伤寒论》甘草的用药规律，为临床提供借鉴。方法 系统整理《伤寒论》中含有甘草的条文，采用SPSS20.0统计软件分析甘草与相关因素之间的关系。结果 经筛选，共纳入含甘草方剂70首，其中2首（2.86%）含生甘草、68首（97.14%）含炙甘草。甘草的单次服用剂量与药味数、用水量、剩余水量、单次服用水量和次数均密切相关（P<0.01）。单因素逻辑回归分析表明，甘草是否为主药与药味数关系密切（P=0.029）。含炙甘草方剂中炙甘草为非主药48首（73.85%），其单次服用剂量、药味数与炙甘草作为主药时比较，差异有统计学意义（P=0.000）。炙甘草与其他药物配伍时，其用量与药味数存在一定规律，为主药时未发现与生姜、大枣、人参配伍。结论 从量效关系可以发现《伤寒论》中甘草剂量及其配伍灵活多变、功效广泛，剂量与药味数存在一定规律，可为临床应用提供依据。

关键词：伤寒论；甘草；量效关系；单因素逻辑回归分析

DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1005-5304.2016.09.013

中图分类号：R222.2；R2-05 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1005-5304（2016）09-0052-04

Discussion on Medication Rules of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma in Shang Han Lun Based on Dose-response Relationship ZHANG Wei （Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine， Xijing Hospital， Fourth Military Medical University， Xian 710032， China）

Abstract： Objective To discuss the medication rules of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma in Shang Han Lun based on dose-response relationship； To provide references for clinical application. Methods It systematically arranged the provisions containing Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma in Shang Han Lun. It statistically analyzed the relationship among Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and other various factors by using SPSS 20.0. Results After screening， 70 prescriptions were included， among which 2 （2.86%） contained raw Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and 68 （97.14%） contained Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata cum Melia. The taken dose of every time had a close relationship with the number of medicine， water consumption， residual water， water consumption per time and frequency of use， which had a statistical significance （P<0.01）. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed whether Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma as a monarch medicine had the close relationship with the number of medicine （P=0.029）. In 48（73.85%） prescriptions contained Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata cum Melia as non-monarch medicine， the taken dose of every time and the number of drugs had statistical differences with that in the prescriptions which as monarch medicine （P=0.000）. When Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata cum Melia was in compatibility with other medicine， its dose had a certain rules with the number of medicine. When it was the basic medicine， there was no compatibility with Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens， Jujubae Fructus， and Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma. Conclusion It can be found from the dose-response relationship that Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma has a widely dose and combination efficacy in different prescriptions. Its flexibility， diversity and scientific nature provide the solid basis for clinical application.

Key words： Shang Han Lun； Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma； dose-response relationship； univariate logistic regression analysis

据考证，《伤寒论》与《伊尹汤液经》《神农本草经》一脉相承[1-2]。基于《伤寒论》的思维，认识并挖掘其药物的使用规律，总结药物功效，具有重要的临床意义。通过统计学方法分析《伤寒论》方剂和某一药物的使用规律，是还原张仲景原意的直接途径，可避免通过其他学说解释《伤寒论》造成其内容牵强。

甘草又名“国老”“甜草”“乌拉尔甘草”“甜根子”，多生长在干旱、半干旱的荒漠草原、沙漠边缘和黄土丘陵地带，是中药常用药。《神农本草经》谓：“甘草，味甘平。主五脏六府寒热邪气，坚筋骨，长肌肉，倍力，金创，解毒。久服轻身延年。”本研究探讨《伤寒论》甘草的用药规律，分析甘草组方的归经、甘草剂量、药味数、用水量、剩余水量、单次服用的水量、服用次数，以期发现《伤寒论》使用甘草的量效关系以推测其原意，为临床提供借鉴。

1 资料与方法

1.1 数据来源

归纳宋本《伤寒论》[3]中含甘草方剂的条文。甘草组方的归经根据各条文进行分类，存在异议的方剂根据其组方特点及主治进行分类。……