王其竹 熊涛 张建权 韩兆富

摘要：以引种的‘香玲核桃为试材，对襄阳市保康县不同海拔区域的核桃生长结果习性进行调查研究，结果表明：在相同的生长年限下，引种的‘香玲核桃平均树高、平均地径在海拔700～800 m呈现最大值，单株冠幅面积和单株结果数量在600～700 m呈现最大值， 700～800 m产量最不稳定，病果率在海拔600～700 m最低；在海拔800 m以上，随着海拔的升高，树体平均高度、树体平均地径、单株冠幅面积和单株结果数量均呈现下降的趋势。因此，保康县600～800 m区域是最适宜‘香玲核桃引种的区域。

关键词：香玲核桃；海拔；生长结果习性；保康县

中图分类号：S664.1文献标识码：A文章编号：1004-3020（2016）05-0037-04Effects of Altitude on Growth and Fruiting Characterization of Juglans regia cv. ‘Xiang lingWang Qizhu（1）Xiong Tao（2）Zhang Jianquan（3）Han Zhaofu（4）

（1. Baokang County Walnut Technology Extension CenterXiangyang441600；2. Chenguan Town Forestry Station

in Baokang CountyXiang yang441600；3.Guoduwan Town Forestry Station in Baokang CountyXiangyang441600；

4.Baokang County Forestry Survey and Design StationXiangyang441600）

Abstract： Juglans regia cv. ‘Xiang ling were used to investigate the growth and fruiting characters of the walnut tree at different altitudes in Baokang County in Xiangyang City. The results showed that average height and average ground diameter of the same age trees were the highest in the altitude range from 700 to 800 meters ； the crown width and fruiting number per individual was the highest in the altitude range from 600 to 700 meters； the yield was the most variable in the altitude range from 700 to 800 meters； the ratio of diseased fruits was the least in the altitude range from 600 to 700 meters. At the altitude above 800 meters， the average height， ground diameter， crown width and fruiting number per individual were all decreasing along with the raise of altitude. In a word， the altitude range from 600 to 800 meters is the most suitable cultivation area for Juglans regia cv. ‘Xiang ling.

Key words：Juglans regia cv. ‘Xiang ling；altitude；character of the growth and fruiting；Baokang County

核桃Juglans regia是世界四大坚果之一，也是当前我国最重要的木本粮油树种之一。近年来，在国家粮油危机大背景下，国家多次下文发展核桃等木本粮油产业＼[1＼]。由于政策的刺激和市场的拉动，核桃种植已经成为我国重要的富民项目，据国家林业局统计，截止2012年全国核桃栽培总面积555万hm2，年产核桃201万t，核桃种植呈现出了明显的良种化、规模化种植态势[2]。但在核桃规模化种植过程中，良种选择一直是困扰各核桃产区产业发展的中心问题。目前生产中推广应用的良种多是上世纪90年代我国育种工作者利用新疆核桃结实早、增产潜力大等优良性状，培育出的我国首批国家级核桃品种＼[3-5＼]。‘香玲核桃是这批国家级早实核桃良种之一，它是由山东果树所用‘上宋6号和‘阿克苏9号为亲本经人工杂交育成，1989年定名[6]。四川、河北、河南、陕西等地多次通过引种后的生物学特性、生长结果状况、果实品种等方面进行了引种效果[7]，但其在不同海拔区域的引种适应性评价还未见报道。……