倪洁 张丽丽 程康华

(南京林业大学，南京，210037)



水载型复合木材防腐剂的制备及其抑菌性能1)

倪洁 张丽丽 程康华

(南京林业大学，南京，210037)

选择己唑醇衍生物(Hex-1)、戊唑醇、氯菊酯为主要有效成分，制备水载型复合木材防腐剂。用4.76% Hex-1、4.76%戊唑醇、0.48%氯菊酯、30%有机溶剂和20%乳化剂的配方，在乳化时间30 min、乳化温度25 ℃、搅拌速度600 r/min的条件下进行乳化，得到均相、透明的水载型木材防腐剂。对防腐剂粒径、低温稳定性、热贮稳定性、稀释稳定性、冻融稳定性及抑菌性能进行考查，结果表明：防腐剂粒径分布在10～100 nm，在±2℃的低温条件和(54±2)℃的高温条件下，防腐剂稳定、稀释性好；在-18 ℃下冷冻，融化后能恢复均相透明状态，且稀释稳定性无明显变化。防腐剂具有良好的抑菌活性，其效果与相同质量分数油载型防腐剂相当。

木材防腐剂；己唑醇衍生物；戊唑醇；氯菊酯；微乳剂；抑菌效果

We chose the derivative of hexaconazole (Hex-1), tebuconazole and permethrin as the effective components of water-borne composite wood preservatives. With a composition of Hex-1 4.76%, tebuconazole 4.76%, permethrin 0.48%, organic solvents 30% and emulsifiers 20%, we obtained a homogeneous and transparent water-borne wood preservative for 30-min emulsification, emulsification temperature of 25 ℃ and stirring speed of 600 r/min. We tested the particle size, stability at low and high temperatures, steadiness of dilution, freeze thawing stability and antimicrobial effect of the preservative. The particle size of the preservative ranged from 10 nm to 100 nm. The preservative was stable with a good dilution property at low temperature of ±2 ℃ and high temperature of (54±2)℃. The preservative was in homogeneous and transparent state, and there were no significant changes in dilution stability on melting after it was frozen at -18 ℃. The preservative showed good antimicrobial activities and had the equal effects with the control group in antimicrobial experiments.

木材作为当今四大建筑材料中唯一可再生资源，易受各种生物降解因子的侵害而腐朽。对木材进行防腐处理[1]能延长其使用寿命、扩大应用领域，是节约木材资源的有效措施，具有很好的经济效益和生态效益。常见的木材防腐剂大多含有铜、铬、砷等金属元素，如铬化砷酸铜(CCA)、季铵铜(ACQ)等，最大不足之处就是易造成环境污染[2-3]，很多国家已限制其使用。因此，从事木材保护研究的科技工作者都把重点放到不含金属的水载型有机木材防腐剂的研发上[4-5]。相比于CCA、ACQ等，水载型有机木材防腐剂具有环境友好、成本低廉和易于回收的优点[6]。……