课堂教学札记两则
2016-11-18杨定生
一、认识同位语及同位语从句
1. 同位语
著名的英语语法大家薄冰说,“当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时,一个句子成分可用来说明或解释另一个句子成分,前者就叫做后者的同位语 (appositive)”。而充当同位语的多为名词或代词,有时也可用数词、形容词、不定式或动名词等充当同位语。
如:We, the Chinese people, are determined to build China into a powerful and prosperous country.
我们中国人民决心将中国建设成一个强大繁荣的国家。
They all wanted to see the film. 他们都想看电影。
Are you two ready? 你们俩都准备好了吗?
He read all kinds of books, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign. 他读各种各样的书, 古今中外的都有。
Our suggestion, to concentrate on primary education, has got many supporters. 我们的集中全力于初等教育的建议得到了很多人的支持。
The first proposal, working at night, was turned down. 第一个建议,“挑灯夜战”,被拒绝了。
2. 同位语从句
1) 同位语从句, 通俗地讲,就是在主从复合句中,用一个从句,放在某些名词后面,用来说明这些名词的具体内容。
I heard the news that our team had won.我听到了我们队获胜的消息。
He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。
I have no idea when she will come. 我不知道她什么时候来。
2) 后常接同位语从句的名词有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,words,possibility等。
如:Ive come from Mr. Wang with a message that he wont be able to see you this afternoon. 我从王先生那里带来口信他今天下午不能来看你了。
I have no idea what he said at the meeting. 我不知道他在会上说了些什么。
There is some doubt whether he is the best man for the job. 他是不是担任那项工作的最佳人选,有点疑问。
Is there any possibility that he will be elected chairman? 他有被选为主席的可能吗?
3) 引导同位语从句的连接词及其功能与特点
连接词功能与特点例句
连接词
that,
whether
同位语从句意义完整,应用that引导同位语从句。
that 在从句中不担任任何成分,仅起连接作用,无语义,不可省略。The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.
They were worried over the fact that you were sick.
The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true.
同位语从句意义不完整,需表达“是否”的含义,应用whether引导同位语从句。whether 在从句中不担任任何成分,仅起连接作用,但有语义。
(if不能引导同……
