张建峰 周奇 田磊 马丽娜 田春杰

(吉林农业大学，长春，1301182) (中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所)



时空因素对火山优势树种根际真菌群落多样性的影响1)

张建峰 周奇 田磊 马丽娜 田春杰

(吉林农业大学，长春，1301182) (中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所)

以五大连池地区喷发年代相差较大的老黑山(0.02万年前)、东焦得布山(80万年前)和南格拉球山(200万年前)3座火山南北坡为代表，采用PCR-DGGE联用技术研究了火山优势树种根际真菌多样性。结果表明：(1)采用UPGMA法对根际真菌群落结构相似性的分析表明，3座火山根际真菌群落结构相似性随着火山喷发后时间的延长先不变后升高；但南坡和北坡根际真菌群落结构相似性不同。(2)运用BIODAP软件对根际真菌群落多样性的分析表明，3座火山南北坡的均匀度无明显变化，均为0.99；3座火山南坡丰富度和多样性指数均随火山喷发后时间的延长先降低后增加；北坡丰富度和多样性指数均随火山喷发后时间的延长先持平后增加。(3)采用SPSS分析软件对土壤理化性质和根际真菌多样性的相关性分析表明，3座火山南北坡丰富度和多样性指数与土壤有机质之间相关显著(p<0.05)。

五大连池；时空因素；根际真菌；变性梯度凝胶电泳

Laoheishan, Dongjiao Mountain and the south and north slopes of South Gamla Ball Shan, which have large differences in age, were selected as representatives of Wudalianchi volcanic rock to study the diversity of rhizosphere fungi, using PCR-DGGE combination technology. Using UPGAMA method in structural similarity analysis of rhizosphere fungi community, the structural similarity of rhizosphere fungi community for the three volcanoes displayed a trend of being constant before increasing with the time extension of the volcano eruption, indicating that time was one of the factors affecting rhizosphere fungal community. The structural similarity of rhizosphere fungi community for the south slope was different compared to the north slope, showing that the slope direction was also one of the factors affecting rhizosphere fungal community. Using BIODAP software to analyze the diversity of rhizosphere fungi, the evenness of both the three volcanoes’ south slope and north slopes was the same index of 0.99. The changing trends for the abundance and diversity index of rhizosphere fungi of the three-volcano south slopes was the same, which seemed to be increasing after first decreasing with volcanic eruption. The variation trend for the abundance and diversity index of rhizosphere fungi of the three volcanoes’ south slopes was also the same, which is constant before increasing with the time extension of the volcano eruption, indicating that time can change the diversity of rhizosphere fungi. Using SPSS software to do the correlation analysis for the soil physical-chemical properties and the diversity of rhizosphere fungi, the abundance and diversity index of rhizosphere fungi of the three-volcano north and south slopes were significantly associated with the soil organic matter (p<0.05). The abundance and diversity index of rhizosphere fungi of the three-volcano north and south slopes were positively related to the total soil nitrogen, available nitrogen, pH, available phosphorus, and available potassium, but the correlation was not significant.

土壤真菌是指以土壤为活动场所完成全部或部分生活史的真菌，主要包括腐生或共生在土壤或母质中的真菌区系[1-3]。1886年，Adametz从土壤中首次分离得到11株真菌[1]。根际真菌是土壤真菌主要组成部分之一，其以藻状菌和半知菌中的丝孢菌成员为主。……