郭志雯　熊芸羚　梁玉祥

摘要 为了探究气温、风速和湿度对土壤中水盐运移的影响，试验以土壤控制体为研究对象，并在土柱底部设置盐水槽，模拟地下水埋深。以土壤中水盐含量为目标函数，控制不同温度、风速和湿度条件，通过测定土壤中的水盐含量，探讨土壤中的水分、盐分在土壤控制体中的流入、流出以及内积累的机制，分析气温、风速和湿度对土壤水盐运移规律的影响。结果表明：土壤中水分和盐分的运移密切相关。随气温升高，土壤水分蒸发加强，持水能力变弱，含水量下降；温度升高，水分带盐分向上运动通量加大，含盐量增加；且随着土壤深度的增加，气温对含盐量影响变弱；随风速增大，土表水分蒸发加强，水分向上运动推动力较大，盐分被水分带动迁移量增加，土壤的含水量及含盐量增加；随着空气湿度的增加，盐分随水分运移量增大，土壤含盐量不断增加，而含水量则呈现先增大后减小的规律。

关键词 土壤；气温；风速；湿度；水盐运移

中图分类号 S151.9 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739（2016）08-0201-03

Abstract In order to study the water-salt movement rule in soil under different conditions，the subject was focused on the soil control system and saline water was used to simulate groundwater.Taking soil in the soil column as a control system，and the water-salt content of the soil as the objective function，water-salt content of the soil could be measured at different temperatures，humidity and wind speeds.Finally，the influences of air temperature，humidity and wind speed on the movement rule of water-salt in soil could be obtained by discussing the inflow，outflow and accumulation mechanism of water-salt content.The results showed that the salt movement was closely related to the water movement.The evaporation of water increased and water-holding capacity of soil weakened，so the water content declined with the increasing of temperature.Because of the increasing of salt flux with water content，salt content also increased with the increasing of temperature.Besides，the influence of air temperature on salt content was weakened with the depth of soil increasing；With the increasing of wind speed，the evaporation of water in soil surface enhanced and water-salt movement strengthened，so the water and salt contents increased；Moreover，the salt content increased continuously with the increasing of water flux，and the water content increased at first and then decreased，with the increasing of air humidity.

Key words soil；air temperature；wind speed；humidity；water-salt movement

近年来，由于世界人口数不断增加，世界粮食生产形势日益严峻，但越来越多的土地盐碱化。土壤盐碱化在世界范围内广泛存在，尤其存在于干旱半干旱地区，导致农业产量急剧下降。据联合国教科文组织和粮农组织不完全统计，盐碱地分布遍及六大洲30余个国家，总面积约为9.543 8亿hm2，其中约有9 913万hm2在我国[1]。因此，缓解盐碱化现狀，治理盐碱化土地成为我国的当务之急。……