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马唐种子休眠解除方法研究

2016-10-20邹婷婷王艳金晨钟

现代农业科技 2016年8期

邹婷婷 王艳 金晨钟

摘要 马唐是南方农田主要杂草,对农作物危害很大。本试验以马唐种子为试验材料,采用不同浓度的GA3、KNO3、NaOH、HCl处理马唐种子,打破马唐种子休眠和提高种子活力。结果表明:经GA3和KNO3浸泡处理48 h后,除0.005 g/L GA3外,GA3和KNO3均能提高马唐种子的萌发率、发芽势和发芽指数,其中以0.400 g/L GA3和52.00 g/L KNO3处理打破休眠的效果最好,萌发率达到87%和77%。低浓度NaOH与HCl促进马唐种子萌发,高浓度抑制种子的萌发,马唐种子经6.500 g/L NaOH和2.250 g/L HCl处理后萌发率达到71%和73%。而且经0.400 g/L GA3、52.000 g/L KNO3、6.500 g/L NaOH、2.250 g/L HCl处理后,马唐种子活力也显著提高。

关键词 马唐;休眠;种子萌发;种子活力

中图分类号 S451 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739(2016)08-0107-02

Abstract Digitaria sanguinalis L.(D.sanguinalis) is one of the major weeds in southern China which does great harm to crops.In this test,a range of concentrations of GA3,KNO3,NaOH and HCl were used to deal with D.sanguinalis seeds in order to break dormancy and promote seed vigor.The results showed that after soaked with GA3 and KNO3,the germination rate,germination potential and germination index were promoted except the treatment with 0.005 g/L GA3.Among them,0.400 g/L GA3 and 52.00 g/L KNO3 exhibited a good effort on breaking dormancy with germination rate of 87% and 77%,respectively.Low concentrations of NaOH and HCl promoted the germination of D.sanguinalis seeds,whereas high concentrations of NaOH and HCl inhibited the germination of D.sanguinalis seeds.The germination rates of D.sanguinalis seeds treated with 6.500 g/L NaOH and 2.250 g/L HCl reached 71% and 73%,respectively.In addition,the seed vigor also increased significantly after soaked with 0.400 g/L GA3、52.000 g/L KNO3、6.500 g/L NaOH、2.250 g/L HCl.

Key words Digitaria sanguinalis L.;dormancy;seed germination;seed vigor

馬唐(Digitaria sanguinalis L.)属禾本科一年生杂草,适应性极强,广泛分布在全国各地,尤其在南方地区,是蔬菜田常发生的主要杂草之一[1]。马唐繁殖能力极强,花果期持续时间长,一般6—11月马唐抽穗,马唐种子边成熟边脱落,对农作物危害性极大,但马唐同时也是重要的农田杂草和重金属污染的修复植物。目前对马唐的研究主要集中在马唐的发生与防治、重金属污染土壤修复、水土保持等方面[2-7]。由于马唐的花果期很长,且其种子具有一定的休眠期,田间很难根除[8],同时其休眠特性也给除草剂靶标材料的培育带来困难,弄清马唐种子解除休眠方法有利于开展对马唐防除和利用的深入研究。前人对解除不同杂草种子的休眠已有一定的研究,如因种胚未成熟休眠种子一般采用赤霉素GA3处理;种皮障碍的种子一般采用水或酸碱浸泡种子、物理去皮、变温处理等方式处理[9-10]。……

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