祁高展 高丹丹

摘要 以新鲜大蒜鳞茎为原料，采用水匀浆法制备粗提物，通过室内抑菌试验及喷涂处理后测定其对苹果炭蛆病菌的抑菌作用及对苹果贮藏品质的影响。结果表明，大蒜鳞茎粗提物对苹果炭蛆病菌丝生长和孢子萌发均有显著抑制作用，抑制孢子萌发和菌丝生长的最低有效质量浓度为0.781 mg/mL，当质量浓度达到12.500 mg/mL时，其对孢子萌发和菌丝生长的抑制率分别达到98.48%和87.06%。另外，用大蒜鳞茎粗提物对苹果喷涂处理，可以有效减缓苹果硬度、总酸度及VC含量的下降幅度，能够更好地保持其贮藏品质。

关键词 大蒜鳞茎；粗提物；苹果炭蛆病；抑菌作用；贮藏品质

中图分类号 TS255.3；S436.611.1+2 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739（2016）09-0116-03

Abstract The garlic bulb was ground with water in mortar and pestle to prepare the crude extracts，the inhibitive effects of garlic bulb crude extracts on pathogen were tested in lab dish and the storage qualities were tested after spraying with the crude extracts.The results showed that the garlic bulb crude extracts had significant inhibitive effects on pathogen mycelia growth and spore germination，the inhibitive effects on pathogen mycelia growth and spore germination increased with the rise of garlic extracts concentration the lowest inhibitory concentration was 0.781 mg/mL to pathogen mycelia growth and spore germination，the inhibitive rate to spore germination and pathogen mycelia growth reached 98.37% and 87.06% when the concentration of garlic bulb extracts increased to 12.500 mg/mL. In addition，spraying apples with the garlic bulb crude extracts could effectively slow down the range of the apple hardness，total acidity and VC content to maintain its storage qualities better.

Key words garlic bulb；crude extracts；collectotrichum gloeosporioides；inhibition；storage qualities

蘋果是我国北方第一大水果品种。目前，以苹果为原料的产品开发已具有相当规模和效益，对促进地方经济的发展和提高农民的收入有着积极的意义[1-2]。但苹果水分含量高，呼吸作用强，采收后容易受到病菌的影响发生炭蛆病、轮纹病、褐腐病、青霉病、黑腐病和褐斑病等多种贮藏病害，导致其商品价值下降，尤以炭蛆病发病广、危害大，给工厂和果农造成了较大的经济损失[3]。目前，苹果炭蛆病（Collectotrichum gloeosporioides）的防治主要采用冷藏和化学药剂处理2种方法[4]，但冷藏投资成本较高，而化学药剂处理又会造成毒性残留。因此，就需要有一种简单、安全、经济的技术用于苹果炭蛆病的防治。据报道，大蒜油中含有29种含硫化学物质，其对3个芽孢杆菌专化小种和3个念珠菌专化小种都具有抑制活性[5]。……